Chapter 81. Physiology of the Salivary Glands Flashcards
Basic unit of Salivary Gland
Acinus
Secretory Duct
Collecting Duct
Acinar type of Parotid
Serous - watery viscosity
25% unstimulated daily saliva
Acinar type of submandibular
Mixed - semiviscous
71% unstimulated saliva
Acinar type of Sublingual
Mucuos - viscous
3-4% unstimulated saliva
Acinar type of minor salivary gland
Mucous - viscous
Functions of saliva
Lubrication and protection Taste and digestion Antibacterial activity Maintenance of tooth integrity Buffering and clearance
Subcomponent of saliva with the best lubricating properties
Mucin
-highest concentrations in saliva from minor and sublingual glands
Main immunologic mediator if saliva
a. IgG
b. IgM
c. IgA
d. IgD
Ans. C
Component of saliva that promotes aggregation and clearance of bacteria from the teeth
a. Mucin 1
b. Mucin 2
c. Lactoferrin
d. Enamel
Ans. B
A. adsorbs tightly to the tooth and, thus, contributes to the enamel pellicle, which protects the tooth from acid
B. easily displaced
C. principal function is that of scavenging free iron in fluids and inflamed areas to suppress free radical-mediated damage and decrease the availability of the metal to invading microbial and
neoplastic cells
At what age do saliva flow rates stabilize?
a. 6yo
b. 15yo
c. 6mos old
d. At birth
Ans. B
Average daily saliva secretion and rate
a. 1000-1500mL, 0.1mL/min
b. 2000-2500mL, 0.1mL/min
c. 1000-1500mL, 1mL/min
d. 1000-1500mL, 10mL/min
Ans. C
Biggest contribution in unstimulated saliva
a. Parotid gland
b. SMG
c. Minor salivary gland
d. Sublingual gland
Ans. B
Biggest contribution in stimulated saliva
a. Parotid gland
b. SMG
c. Minor salivary gland
d. Sublingual gland
Ans. A
Salivary hypofunction is a ___% reduction in the individual base saliva flow rate
50%
Most potent stimuli to the salivary center that elicits 10-fold increase in salivary flow
a. Gustatory
b. Olfaction
c. Vision
d. Touch
Ans. A
*Olfaction-weakest
Intraoral saliva flow volume is highest in
a. Tongue
b. Mandibular lingual area
c. Maxillary incisors
d. Maxillary interproxims
Ans. B
*lowest in C&D
Principal salivary buffer system
a. Bicarbonate
b. pH
c. Phosphate
d. both A&C
Ans. A
Saliva concentration of this ion is higher in SMG than in Parotid
a. Na
b. K
c. Ca
d. Cl
Ans. C
Na&K- higher in parotid
Cl- same
Site of fluid generations and most of exocrine protein secretion
a. Acinus
b. Myoepithelial cells
c. Intercalated duct
d. Demilune
Ans. A
Tonicity of saliva upon entering the mouth
a. Isotonic
b. Hypertonic
c. Hypotonic
d. Atonic
Ans. C (25meq/L NaCl) - most are reabsorses in the duct
Membrane transport system in fluid secretion in the acini
a. Na/K/2CI cotransporter located in the basolateral membrane of the acinar cell
b. calcium (Ca2+)-activated K channel in the basolateral membrane
c. a calcium-activated Cl channel localized to the apical membrane
d. an adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase)-driven Na/K
pump in the basolateral membrane.
All of the above
Parasympathetic supply to the parotid gland
Inferior salivatory nucleus»_space; Glossopharyngeal nerve»_space; Jacobson nerve»_space; otic ganglion»_space; (postganglionic) auriculotemporal branch of the trigeminal nerve»_space; parotid gland
Parasympathetic supply to the SMG
Superior salivatory nucleus»_space; nervus intermedius»_space; chorda tympani»_space; submandibular ganglion»_space; SMG
Sympathetic supply to parotid and SMG
Superior cervical ganglion»_space; follows the major arterial vessels to the gland
Characteristic of saliva (water component, pH, specific gravity)
99.5% water
pH 5.75-7.05
1.0012-1.002 specific gravity
Where the salivary center is located
a. Medulla
b. Pons
c. Cerebellum
d. Cerebrum
Ans. A
