Chapter 8 vocab Flashcards
What is the definition of tissue?
A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
What is an organ?
A structure composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to perform specific functions.
What is an organ system?
A group of organs that work together to perform complex functions necessary for life.
What does homeostasis refer to?
The process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.
True or False: Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
False
What is the role of aquaporins in cells?
Aquaporins are proteins that facilitate the transport of water across cell membranes.
Define osmosis.
The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
What is cytoplasm?
The jelly-like substance that fills the interior of a cell and contains organelles.
What are organelles?
Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions.
Fill in the blank: The primary function of tissues is to _____ together to perform a particular function.
work
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT an organ system? A) Circulatory B) Excretory C) Cytoplasm D) Nervous
C) Cytoplasm
True or False: Homeostasis is only relevant to multicellular organisms.
False
What is the effect of temperature on diffusion rates?
Increased temperature generally increases the rate of diffusion.
Define the term ‘selectively permeable membrane.’
A membrane that allows certain molecules to pass through while blocking others.
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
The cell loses water and may shrivel due to osmosis.
Fill in the blank: The movement of water through aquaporins is an example of _____ transport.
facilitated
What is the main function of the cytoplasm?
To provide a medium for biochemical reactions and to house organelles.
Multiple Choice: Which organ system is responsible for transporting nutrients and oxygen? A) Endocrine B) Respiratory C) Circulatory D) Digestive
C) Circulatory
True or False: Osmosis only occurs in plant cells.
False
What is the significance of homeostasis in living organisms?
It is crucial for maintaining optimal conditions for enzyme activity and overall cellular function.
Define ‘cell membrane.’
The barrier that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out.
What is the primary purpose of diffusion in cells?
To equalize concentrations of substances across membranes.
Fill in the blank: Organs are made up of _____ that work together.
tissues
What type of solution causes a cell to swell due to osmosis?
Hypotonic solution
What are the two main types of tissues in animals?
Epithelial and connective tissues.
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? A) Nucleus B) Ribosome C) Mitochondria D) Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondria
What is the primary function of ribosomes?
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
True or False: Ribosomes can be found free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
True
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
endoplasmic reticulum
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is responsible for storing nutrients and waste products?
Vacuole
True or False: Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
True
What is the function of lysosomes?
Lysosomes digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.
Fill in the blank: The _____ provides structural support and shape to the cell.
cytoskeleton
What are the three main components of the cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is known as the ‘powerhouse of the cell’?
This question is not applicable; the mitochondria are known as the powerhouse, not the organelles listed.
True or False: The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in detoxifying harmful substances.
True
What is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface, while smooth ER does not.
What do lysosomes contain that aids in digestion?
Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is involved in the transport of proteins to different parts of the cell.
Golgi apparatus
What is the primary role of vacuoles in plant cells?
Vacuoles store water, nutrients, and waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure.
True or False: The cytoskeleton is only present in animal cells.
False
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of lipids?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What is the role of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?
Microtubules provide structural support and facilitate intracellular transport.
Fill in the blank: Ribosomes are made up of _____ and proteins.
rRNA
What is one function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
It is involved in the synthesis of proteins that are secreted from the cell.
True or False: The Golgi apparatus is involved in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA.
False
What is the significance of lysosomal storage diseases?
They result from deficiencies in lysosomal enzymes, leading to the accumulation of toxic materials.
Fill in the blank: The cytoskeleton is essential for _____, which is the movement of the cell.
cell motility
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is primarily responsible for processing and packaging proteins?
Golgi apparatus
What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy.
True or False: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
True
Fill in the blank: The ________ is a rigid outer layer that provides structural support to plant cells.
cell wall
What is the lipid bilayer?
The lipid bilayer is a double layer of phospholipids that forms the basic structure of cell membranes.
What does selectively permeable mean?
Selectively permeable means that a membrane allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others.
What is the primary role of mitochondria?
Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration.
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is involved in energy production? A) Chloroplast B) Ribosome C) Mitochondria D) Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondria
What are chloroplasts primarily composed of?
Chloroplasts are primarily composed of chlorophyll and other pigments.
True or False: The cell wall is present in animal cells.
False
What is the significance of the cell theory?
The cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Fill in the blank: The ________ is involved in the synthesis of ATP.
mitochondria
What is the main component of the cell wall in plants?
The main component of the cell wall is cellulose.
Short Answer: How do chloroplasts contribute to the carbon cycle?
Chloroplasts convert carbon dioxide into glucose during photosynthesis.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell wall? A) Providing structure B) Preventing water loss C) Energy production D) Protecting against pathogens
C) Energy production
What is the role of the lipid layer in cellular membranes?
The lipid layer provides a barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the external environment.
True or False: All cells have a cell wall.
False
What process occurs in chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts.
Fill in the blank: Mitochondria are often referred to as the ________ of the cell.
powerhouse
What type of cells contain chloroplasts?
Plant cells contain chloroplasts.
Multiple Choice: Which structure regulates what enters and exits the cell? A) Nucleus B) Cell wall C) Cell membrane D) Cytoplasm
C) Cell membrane
What is the function of the cell wall?
The cell wall provides support and protection to the cell.
Short Answer: Name one similarity between chloroplasts and mitochondria.
Both chloroplasts and mitochondria have double membranes and contain their own DNA.
What is the process called by which mitochondria produce ATP?
Cellular respiration
True or False: The lipid layer is impermeable to all substances.
False
Fill in the blank: According to the cell theory, all cells arise from ________ cells.
pre-existing
What is the primary pigment found in chloroplasts?
Chlorophyll
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
True or False: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
True
Fill in the blank: Prokaryotes lack a __________.
nucleus
Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotes? A) No membrane-bound organelles B) DNA is circular C) Membrane-bound nucleus D) Smaller than prokaryotes
C) Membrane-bound nucleus
Define a prokaryote.
A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.
