Chapter 8 Vocab

Question 1

Agribusiness

Answer 1

Commercial Agriculure characterized by the
integration of diferent steps in the food.
processing industry, usually through
ownership by large corporations.

Question 2

Agricultural revolution

Answer 2

THE time when human beings first
domesticated plants and animals
and no longer relied entirely on
hunting and gathering.

Question 3

Acriculture

Answer 3

The deliberate
effort to modify a portion of Earth's
surface through the cultivation of
drops and the raising of livestock for
sustenance or economic gain.

Question 4

Aquaculture

Answer 4

The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions

Question 5

Cereal grain

Answer 5

A grass that yields grain for food

Question 6

Commercial Agriculture

Answer 6

Agriculture undertaken primarily to

gênerate products for sale off the farm

Question 7

Conservation tillage

Answer 7

A method of soil cultivation that

reduces soil erosion and runoff.

Question 8

crop

Answer 8

Any plant gathered
from a field as a harvest during a
particular season

Question 9

Crop rotaion

Answer 9

The practice
of rotating use of different fields
from crop to crop each year to avoid
exhausting the soil.

Question 10

Dairy Farm

Answer 10

a form of
commercial agriculture that
specializes in the production of milk
and other dairy products.

Question 11

Desertification

Answer 11

Degradation
of land, especially in semiarid areas,
primarily because of human actions
such as excessive crop planting,
animal grazing, and tree cutting. Also
known as semiarid land degradation

Question 12

Dietary energy consumption

Answer 12

the amount of food that an individual

consumes, measured in kilocalories

Question 13

Double cropping

Answer 13

Harvesting

twice a year from the same field.

Question 14

Fishing

Answer 14

The capture of wild fish

and other seafood living in the waters.

Question 15

Food security

Answer 15

Physical,  social,
and economic access at all times to safe
and nutritious food sufficient to meet
dietary needs and food preferences for
an active and healthy life.

Question 16

Genetically modified organism

Answer 16

A living organism
that possesses a novel combination
of genetic material obtained
through the use of modern
biotechnology

Question 17

Grains

Answer 17

seed of a cereal grass

Question 18

green revolution

Answer 18

Rapid
diffusion of new agricultural
technology, especially new high-
yield seeds and fertilizers.

Question 19

Intensive subsistence agriculture

Answer 19

A form of subsistence
agriculture characteristic of Asia's
major population concentrations in
which farmers must expend a relatively
large amount of effort to produce the
maximum feasible yield from a parcel
of land.

Question 20

milkshed

Answer 20

The area surrounding

a city from which milk is supplied.

Question 21

mixed crop and livestock farming

Answer 21

Commercial farming
characterized by integration of crops
and livestock; most of the crops are
fed to animals rather than consumed
directly by humans.

Question 22

no tillage a

Answer 22

a farming
practice that leaves all of the soil
undisturbed and the entire residue
of the previous year's harvest left
untouched on the fields.

Question 23

overfishing

Answer 23

Capturing fish

faster than they can reproduce.

Question 24

paddy

Answer 24

The Malay word for wet
rice, increasingly used to describe a
flooded field.

Question 25

pastoral nomadism

Answer 25

A form
of subsistence agriculture based on
herding domesticated animals.

Question 26

plantation

Answer 26

A large farm in
tropical and subtropical climates
that specializes in the production of
one or two crops for sale, usually to
a more developed country

Question 27

ranching

Answer 27

A form of commercial
agriculture in which livestock graze
over an extensive area.

Question 28

Ridge tillage

Answer 28

A system of
planting crops on ridge tops in order
to reduce farm production costs and
promote greater soil conservation.

Question 29

Sawah

Answer 29

a flooded field for growing rice

Question 30

Shifting cultivation

Answer 30

A form
of subsistence agriculture in which
people shift activity from one field to
another; each field is used for crops
for a relatively few years and left
fallow for a relatively long period.

Question 31

Subsistence agriculture

Answer 31

agriculture designed primarily to
provide food for direct consumption
by the farmer and the farmer’s family.

Question 32

Truck farming

Answer 32

Commercial
gardening and fruit farming, so
named for the Middle English
word truck, meaning "barter" or
"exchange of commodities."

Question 33

undernourishment

Answer 33

Dietary energy consumption that is continuously
below the minimum requirement for
maintaining a healthy life and carrying
out light physical activity.

Question 34

wet rice

Answer 34

Rice planted on dry
land in a nursery and then moved
to a deliberately flooded field to
promote growth.