Chapter 8-Vitamins

Question 1

Vitamin A

Answer 1

function: overall health of cells & membranes resulting in proper vision, reproduction, bone & tooth development, immune system function; carotenoids are antioxidants

food source: liver, fish oil, milk & milk products (fortified), dark-green leafy vegetables (i.e. spinach), orange fruits & vegetables

Question 2

Vitamin D

Answer 2

function: regulates bone mineralization, cardiac & skeletal muscle, and growth of normal & cancerous cells

food source: fish oil; some fish such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, and shrimp; milk (fortified); margarine (fortified)

Question 3

Vitamin E

Answer 3

function: antioxidant; proper RBC formation

food source: oil; soybeans; almonds & other nuts; sunflower seeds; wheat germ

Question 4

Vitamin K

Answer 4

function: normal blood clotting; role in bone mineralization

food source: green leafy vegetables

Question 5

Vitamin B1

Answer 5

function: release of energy from CHO, proteins, and fats via thiamin-containing enzymes; normal nervous system function

food source: whole grain breads & cereals; bread & cereals made from processed grains or flours (fortified); dried beans, pork

Question 6

Vitamin B2

Answer 6

function: release of energy from CHO, proteins, and fats via riboflavin-containing enzymes; normal skin development

food source: milk; leafy green vegetables; whole grain breads and cereals

Question 7

Vitamin B3

Answer 7

function: release of energy from CHO, proteins, and fats via niacin-containing enzymes

food source: meat, fish, poultry, and eggs; milk; nuts; whole grain breads & cereals; bread & cereals made from processed grains or flour (fortified)

Question 8

Vitamin B6

Answer 8

function: release of energy stored in muscle glycogen; role in gluconeogenic processes; RBC formation

food source: whole grain breads & cereals; dried beans; leafy green vegetables; bananas; meats, fish, and poultry

Question 9

Vitamin B12

Answer 9

function: synthesis of new cells; nervous system; RBC formation; activation of folate

food source: animal food only; specially formulated yeast or other fortified foods

Question 10

Folate

Answer 10

function: synthesis of new cells; RBC formation

food source: leafy green vegetables; whole grain breads & cereals; dried beans; bread & cereals made from processed grains or flour (fortified); orange juice

Question 11

Pantothenic acid

Answer 11

function: release of energy from CHO, proteins, and fats via acetyl CoA

food source: widely distributed in food

Question 12

Biotin

Answer 12

function: release of energy from CHO, protein, and fats

food source: widely distributed in food

Question 13

Vitamin C

Answer 13

function: collagen synthesis; antioxidant; immune function; aids absorption of iron

food source: oranges, grapefruit, and other citrus fruits; strawberries, cabbage, broccoli, peppers, tomatoes