Chapter 8: Transport in Humans

Question 1

name the 4 main constituent of blood.

Answer 1

Plasma
White blood cells
red blood cells
Platelets

Question 2

What does the plasma transport?

BISH V CUP

Answer 2

blood cells,
 ions, 
soluble food substances, 
hormones, 
Vitamins
carbon dioxide, 
urea,
plasma proteins

Question 3

State the function of plasma.

Answer 3

Transport BISH V CUP around the body

Question 4

State the 4 structures of red blood cells.

Answer 4

1. Contains haemoglobin
2. A circular, flattened biconcave disc
3. Absence of nucleus
4. Elastic

Question 5

RBC: How does containing haemoglobin support its function

Answer 5

Haemoglobin binds reversibly with oxygen which enables rbc to carry and transport oxygen from lungs to all cells in the body.

Question 6

State the function of rbc.

Answer 6

Transport oxygen around the body in the form of haemoglobin.

Question 7

RBC: How does being a biconcave shape support the function?

Answer 7

• Increase surface area to volume ratio of the cell
• thus oxygen can diffuse into and out of the cell
• at a faster rate

Question 8

RBC: How does the absence of nucleus supports its function.

Answer 8

• Enable the cell to carry more haemoglobin

- Hence, more capacity to transport more oxygen

Question 9

RBC: How does elacticity support its function.

Answer 9

Allows red blood cells to squeeze through the narrow capillaries easily so that oxygen can be transported to al parts of the body efficiently.

Question 10

what is the function of White blood cell?

Answer 10

helps the body to fight disease to keep the body healthy.

Question 11

What are the 3 features of white blood cells?

Answer 11

1. Colourless as it does not contain haemoglobin
2. Irregular in shape and contains a nucleus
3. Mobile and elastic

Question 12

State the 2 types of white blood cells.

Answer 12

Lymphocyte and phagocyte

Question 13

Describe what happen when blood clots?

*Blood platelets

Answer 13

1. Blood platelets and damaged tissues releases thrombokinase
2. Thrombokinase and calcium ion converts prothrombin to thrombin
3. Thrombin catalyses the conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble thread of fibrin
4. Fibrin threads entangle blood cells, forming a clot to trap blood cells

Question 14

State the difference between lymphocyte and phagocyte.

Answer 14

Lymphocyte produces antibodies to provide immunity against diseases
Phagocyte engulfs and destroys foreign particles such as bacteria

Question 15

describe 3 ways how lymphocyte (antibodies) help fight virus.

Answer 15

1. Destroys bacteria by attaching to them which cause the bacterial surface membrane to rupture
2. Cause bacteria to clump together so that they can be easily ingested by phagocytes
3. Neutralise the harmful subst produced by bacteria

Question 16

Why do tissue rejection occur?

Answer 16

1. Organ from another person may be treated as foreign object by the recipient’s immune system
2. Hence, the recipient’s lymphocytes may react by producing antibodies to to destroy the transplanted organ

Question 17

State 2 ways to reduce the risk of recipient having risk of tissue rejection.

Answer 17

1. Use tissues of a donor that has similar genes such as siblings,parents or relatives as the tissues of both recipient and donor must be as genetically close as possible
2. Use Immunosuppresive drugs to lower the body’s ability to reject a transplanted organ