Chapter 8: The Thorax and Lungs

Question 1

When percussed, healthy lungs sound ________.

Answer 1

Resonant

p. 310

Question 2

___________ ______________ may be heard over the hyperinflated lungs of a patient with COPD or asthma.

Answer 2

Generalized hyperresonance.

p. 310

Question 3

What is the normal estimate of the extent of diaphragmatic excursion?

Answer 3

3 to 5.5 cm

p. 311

Question 4

While listening to the lungs, the whispered voice is normally heard faintly and indistinctly, if at all. Louder, clearer whispered sounds are called ________ ____________.

Answer 4

whispered pectoriloquy (p. 315).

Question 5

In 24 hours, the lungs oxygenate over ____ quarts of blood with over _____ quarts of air in the lungs.
The total surface area of the lungs comprise an area larger than a ______ _____.

Answer 5

6,000 quarts
12,000 quarts
tennis court
[USA powerpoint]

Question 6

You have both ________ and ________ intercostal muscles.

Answer 6

internal and external

[USA powerpoint]

Question 7

The diaphragm is innervated by 2 phrenic nerves that originate, one on each side, as branches of the ________ ______ in the neck. They arise from the anterior rami of cervical nerves __, __, and __, with the major contribution coming from __.

Answer 7

cervical plexus
C3, C4, C5
C4
[from Clinical Key online, in Gray’s Anatomy for Students, Chapter 3: Thorax]

Question 8

Name some of the muscles associated with chest wall movement.

Answer 8

Scalenus muscles, sternocleidomastoid, intercostal muscles, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, rectus abdominus
[USA powerpoint]

Question 9

The lower border of the lung crosses the ___ rib at the midclavicular line and the ___ rib at the midaxillary line.

Answer 9

6th
8th
p. 297

Question 10

Each lung is divided roughly in half by an _______ (major) _______.

Answer 10

oblique, fissure

p. 297

Question 11

The oblique fissure on both lungs, may be approximated by a string that runs from the __ _______ _______ obliquely down and around the chest to the ___ rib at the _____________ line.

Answer 11

T3 spinous process
6th
midclavicular line
p. 297

Question 12

The right lung is further divided by the…

Answer 12

…horizontal (minor) fissure.

p. 297

Question 13

Anteriorly, the right horizontal fissure runs close to the ___ rib and meets the oblique fissure in the ___________ line near the ___ rib.

Answer 13

4th
midaxillary
5th
p. 297

Question 14

Knowing your patient’s history of __________ or _____________ exposure is important.

Answer 14

employment
environmental
p. 297

Question 15

A dry, hacking cough often results from…

Answer 15

...Viral infections
Interstitial lung disease
Tumor
Allergies
Anxiety
[USA powerpoint]

Question 16

Chronic productive coughs often result from…

Answer 16

(A-BB-C-T)
Abscess
Bacterial pneumonia
Bronchiectasis
Chronic bronchitis
Tuberculosis
[USA powerpoint]

Question 17

Tactile fremitus is decreased or absent when the transmission of vibrations from the larynx to the surface of the chest is impeded by a…

Answer 17

…thick chest wall, obstructed bronchus, COPD, or pleural changes from effusion, fibrosis, air (pneumothorax) or a tumor/mass
(p. 307)

Question 18

Bronchophony is the…

Answer 18

…increased transmission of voice sounds, suggesting that air-filled lung has become airless.

Question 19

Bronchophony is increased over areas of…

Answer 19

…consolidation such as in pneumonia, pulmonary edema, or pulmonary hemorrhage.
(p. 330)