Chapter 8: The Skeletal System: The Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
What do our 2 pectoral girdles do?
Attach the bones of upper limbs to the axial skeleton
What do our pectoral girdles consist of?
A clavicle and scapula
What does the clavicle articulate with?
Clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint
What does the scapula articulate with?
Scapula articulates with the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint and with the humerous at the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
How is the acromioclavicular joint formed?
Acromial end of clavicle articulates with the acromion to form the acromioclavicular joint
What is the conoid tubercle?
A point of attachment for the conoid ligament which attacges the clavicle and scapula
What is the function of the inferior surface of the sternal end
Point of attachment for the costoclavicular ligament, which attaches the clavicle and first rib
Where is the scapula located?
Between the levels of the 2nd and 7the rib
Where is the acromion? What does it articulate with?
Highest point in the shoulder. Tailors measure the length of the upper limb from the acromion . Articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint
What is the glenoid cavity?
Inferior to acromion, shallow depression. Accepts the head of the humerous to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
What is the medial (vertebral) border?
Thin edge of the scapula closer to the vertebral column
What is the lateral (axillary) border?
Thick edge of scapula closer to the arm
Where do the medial and lateral borders join?
At the inferior angle
What is the superior border?
Superior edge of scapula. Joins the medial border at the superior angle.
What’s the scapular notch?
Where the suprascapular nerve pases
What is the coracoid process?
At lateral end of superior border. Tendons of muscles (pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis, and biceps brachii) and ligaments (coracoacromial, conoid, and trapezoid) attach
What is the supraspinous fossa?
Posterior surface of scapula. Surface of attachment for the supraspinoud muscle of the shoulder
What is the infraspinous fossa?
Posterior surface of scapula. Surface of attachment for the infraspinatus muscle of the shoulder
What’s the subscapular fossa?
Anterior surface of scapula. Surface of attachment for the subscapularis muscle
Each upper limb has 3 bones in 3 locations. What are they?
1) Humerus in the arm
2) Radius and ulna in the forearm
3) 8 carpals in the carpus (wrist), 5 metacarpals in the metacarpus (palm) and 14 phalanges in the hand
What does the humerus articulate with?
Articulates proximally with the scapula and distally with the radius and ulna to form the elbow joint
How is the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint formed?
Head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral joint
Where is the intertubercular sulcus?
In between the lesser and greater tubercle
What is the surgical neck?
A constribtion in the humerus where the head tapers to the shaft
What is the deltoid tuberosity?
Middle part of the shaft, V shaped. Serves as a point of attachment for tendons of the deltoid muscle
What is the radial groove?
Runs along the deltoid tuberosity and contains the radial nerve
What is the capitulum?
Articulates with head of radius
What is the radial fossa?
Anterior depression above capitulum that articulates with the had of the radius when the forearm is flexed (bent)
What is the trochlea?
Spool-shaped surface that articulates with the troclear notch of the ulna
What is the coronoid fossa?
Receives the coronoid process of the ulna when the forearm is flexed
What is the olecranon fossa?
Receives the olecranon of the ulna when forearm is extended (straightened)
What are the medial and lateral epicondyles?
Rough projections on either side of the distal end of the humerus. Where tendons of most muscles of the forearm attach.
What is the ulna nerve?
The one that makes you feel severe pain when you hit your elbow.
Where is the ulna located?
On the little finger side and longer than the radius
What forms the prominence of the elbow?
Olecranon
What does the coronoid process articulate with?
The trochlea of the humerus
Where is the trochlear notch and what does it form?
Between the olecranon and coronoid process. Forms part of the elbow joint
What does the radial notch articulate with?
The head of the radius
What attaches to the ulnar tuberosity?
Biceps brachii muscle
What does the styloid process do?
Provides attachment for the ulnar collateral ligament to the wrist
Briefly describe the radius
Smaller bone of forearm. Thumb side widens at distal end
What does the head of the radius articulate with?
Articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and radial notch of ulna
What attaches to the radial tuberosity?
Tendons of the biceps brachii muscle
What does the ulnar notch articulate with?
Head of ulna
What does the styloid process of the radius do?
Provides attachment for brachioradialis muscle and for attachment of the radial collateral ligament to the wrist
The ulna and radius articulate with the humerus at 2 places at the elbow joint. What are these 2 places?
1) Where the head of the radius articulates with capitulum of humerus and 2) where the trochlear notch of the ulna articulate with trochlea of the humerus