Chapter 8: The Central Nervous System Flashcards
What are the major portions of the Brain?
Brainstem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Cerebrum.
What does the Frontal lobe do?
Voluntary motor
Motivation
Foresight/planning
Memory
Mood
Emotion
Social judgment
Aggression
What does the Insula do?
Understanding spoken languauge
Taste
Integrating information fron visceral receptors
What does the Parietal lobe do?
General senses
Taste
Language processing
Some visual information
Spacial awarness
What does the Occipital lobe do?
Primary visual processing center
What does the Temporal lobe do?
Hearing
Smell
Learning
Memory
Emotion
What does the thalamus do?
Sorts sensory information coming in
Relays motor signals
Memory and emotion
What does the hypothalamus do?
Hormone secretion
Autonomic effects
Thermoregulation
Food and water intake
Sleep
Memory and emotion
What does the cerebellum do?
Motor coordination
Evaluation of sensory input
Timekeeping
What does the midbrain do?
Pain modulation
Gaze control
Auditory reflexes
Motor commands for posture
What does the Medulla Oblongata do?
Cardiac center
Respiratory center
Vasomotor center
What does the Pons do?
Sleep
Control of respiration
Bladder control
What are the cross-sections of the spinal cord and what do they have in them?
Gray matter:
-Somas and dendrites, horns
White matter:
-Myelinated axons, columns (funiculi) containing tracts (fasciculi)
What does fMRI and EEG stand for?
Functional MRI and Electroencephalogram
What are the integrative functions of the brain?
Motor and sensory
Language
Emotion and memory
Sleep
Cerebral laterization
Ascending Tracts- sensory
What is the order of neurons and what does each part do?
1st order neuron: Receptor to spinal cord/brainstem
2nd order neuron: Spinal cord/brainstem to thalamus
3rd order neuron: Thalamus to Cerebral cortex
Broca’s area
Controls speaking and expressive speech, when damaged, “broken speech”.
Wernicke’s area
Recepitive language and understanding language.
Cerebrum
Higher cognitive functions, motor control, sensory integration
Brainstem
Autonomic functions like breathing, heart rate, and reflexive movements.
What do the ascending (sensory) tracts do?
Carry information from the periphery to the brain. (like spinothalamic tract for pain and temperature)
Descending (motor) tracts- What are the two types of these and what is used by them?
Upper Motor Neuron: Primary motor cortex to spinal cord
Lower Motor Neuron:
Spinal cord to effector
What does the descending (motor) tracts do?
Send motor commands from the brain to muscles (corticospinal tract)
What are the reflex arcs?
Bypass brain processing for rapid responses (like withdrawal reflex from painful stimuli).
