Chapter 8 The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Flashcards
(20 cards)
Cell Division
- Is reproduction at the cellular level
- Parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells
Chromosomes
Structures that contain most of the cell’s DNA
Asexual Reproduction
Produces offspring that are identical to the original cell or organism. Eg. Ameoba
All genes inherited from one parent
Sexual Reproduction
Produces offspring that are similar to the parents but show variations in traits
Two parents
Reproduction of Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission.
Steps of Binary Fission
1) Duplication of the chromosome and separation of the copies
2) continued elongation of the cell and movement of the copies, and
3) Division into two daughter cells
What are Prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that have neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles.
What are Eukaryotes?
Organisms whose cell or cells are consist of genetic material bound by proteins into chromosomes with a distinct nucleus.
Are more complex than prokaryotes
Have more genes
Store most of their genes on multiple chromosomes within the nucleus
What is the Cell Cycle?
The Cell Cycle is an ordered sequence of events that extends from the time a cell is first formed from a dividing parent cel until its own division.
What are the teo stages of the cell cycle?
1) Interphase
2) Mitotic Phase
What are the three stages of interphase?
- G1 - growth, increase in cytoplasm
- S - Duplication of chromosomes
- G2 - growth, preparation for division
What is Mitosis?
A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells that each have the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
What are the four stages of mitosis?
1) Prophase
2) Metaphase
3) Anaphase
4) Telophase
What is Prophase?
The first stage of mitosis where chromosomes become tightly coiled and packed.
The mitotic spindle begins to form as well
What is the Metaphase?
The phase of Mitosis where the mitotic spindle is fully formed and chromosomes align at the equator, facing each other.
What is a Mitotic Spindle?
Microtubules (snakelike arms) that guide the separation of the two sets of daughter chromosomes
Centromes
Mitotic spindles emerge from two centromeres on opposite ends in the cytoplasm of Eukaryotic cells during Mitosis.
What is Anaphase?
1) The phase where sister chromatids separate at the centromeres.
2) daughter chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell
What is Telophase?
1) The cells continues to elongate along each set of sister chromatids
2) mitotic spindle dissapears
What is Cytokinesis?
During Cytokinesis, the cytoplasm is divided into two separate cells.
Usually occurs at the same time as telophase.
