Chapter 8 The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Question 1

Cell Division

Answer 1

• Is reproduction at the cellular level

- Parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells

Question 2

Chromosomes

Answer 2

Structures that contain most of the cell’s DNA

Question 3

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 3

Produces offspring that are identical to the original cell or organism. Eg. Ameoba

All genes inherited from one parent

Question 4

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 4

Produces offspring that are similar to the parents but show variations in traits

Two parents

Question 5

Reproduction of Prokaryotes

Answer 5

Prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission.

Question 6

Steps of Binary Fission

Answer 6

1) Duplication of the chromosome and separation of the copies
2) continued elongation of the cell and movement of the copies, and
3) Division into two daughter cells

Question 7

What are Prokaryotes?

Answer 7

Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that have neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles.

Question 8

What are Eukaryotes?

Answer 8

Organisms whose cell or cells are consist of genetic material bound by proteins into chromosomes with a distinct nucleus.

Are more complex than prokaryotes

Have more genes

Store most of their genes on multiple chromosomes within the nucleus

Question 9

What is the Cell Cycle?

Answer 9

The Cell Cycle is an ordered sequence of events that extends from the time a cell is first formed from a dividing parent cel until its own division.

Question 10

What are the teo stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 10

1) Interphase

2) Mitotic Phase

Question 11

What are the three stages of interphase?

Answer 11

• G1 - growth, increase in cytoplasm
• S - Duplication of chromosomes
• G2 - growth, preparation for division

Question 12

What is Mitosis?

Answer 12

A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells that each have the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.

Question 13

What are the four stages of mitosis?

Answer 13

1) Prophase
2) Metaphase
3) Anaphase
4) Telophase

Question 14

What is Prophase?

Answer 14

The first stage of mitosis where chromosomes become tightly coiled and packed.

The mitotic spindle begins to form as well

Question 15

What is the Metaphase?

Answer 15

The phase of Mitosis where the mitotic spindle is fully formed and chromosomes align at the equator, facing each other.

Question 16

What is a Mitotic Spindle?

Answer 16

Microtubules (snakelike arms) that guide the separation of the two sets of daughter chromosomes

Question 17

Centromes

Answer 17

Mitotic spindles emerge from two centromeres on opposite ends in the cytoplasm of Eukaryotic cells during Mitosis.

Question 18

What is Anaphase?

Answer 18

1) The phase where sister chromatids separate at the centromeres.
2) daughter chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell

Question 19

What is Telophase?

Answer 19

1) The cells continues to elongate along each set of sister chromatids
2) mitotic spindle dissapears

Question 20

What is Cytokinesis?

Answer 20

During Cytokinesis, the cytoplasm is divided into two separate cells.

Usually occurs at the same time as telophase.