chapter 8 textbook questions

Question 1

shark: where the cones arteriouses emerges and that same structure goes to the head is called what? what are the things that branch off of it called?

Answer 1

ventral aorta

afferent branchial arteries

Question 2

shark: each gill is supported at its base by what?

Answer 2

by an epibrachial cartilage and an adductor muscle just medial to it

Question 3

shark: on the anterior side of the gill arch cartilage reside fingerlike processes called what? what do they guard?

Answer 3

gill rakers, guarding the internal gill slit, the opening between adjacent gill bars

Question 4

shark: what extends laterally from the epibranchial cartilage and is soft and fan shaped?

Answer 4

gill lamellae

Question 5

what is the path of water in a shark?

Answer 5

drawn into the mouth, forced through the internal gill slits, past the lamellae and out the external gill slits

Question 6

shark: the efferent branchial arteries connect to the……

Answer 6

dorsal aorta

Question 7

shark: what is the artery loop around the gill?

Answer 7

efferent collector loop

Question 8

shark: what artery passes along the roof of the mouth medial to the spiracle?

Answer 8

hyoidean artery

Question 9

shark: the first of 4 major branches off the dorsal aorta is what?

Answer 9

celiac artery

Question 10

the celiac artery runs caudally without branching until it emegeres dorsal to the stomach along the lesser curvature. here it divides into what artery to the stomach and what artery to the intestine?

Answer 10

gastric artery

Pancreaticomesentric artery

Question 11

shark: external carotid artery is found where?

Answer 11

lower jaw

Question 12

shark: the pancreaticomesentric artery will eventally form what as it moves into the intestine?

Answer 12

anterior intestive artery

Question 13

shark: posterior mesentery artery goes to what?

Answer 13

rectal gland

Question 14

shark: heptaic portal veing (the big yellow one) has three branches:

Answer 14

1. gastric vein (with gastric artery)
2. Pancreaticomesenteric veing (parallel with pancreaticomesenteric artery)
3. Lienomesenteric vein

Question 15

cat: the large muscular ——- left and right are covered by thin coronary arteries and veins

Answer 15

ventircles

Question 16

cat: if you lift up the heart youll find the single blue vein called what?

Answer 16

post cava

Question 17

cat: before the heart the large blue vein is called what?

Answer 17

precava

Question 18

cat: what are the three regions of the aorta that are often recognized?

Answer 18

1. aortic trunk, the base of the vessel where it leaves the heart
2. the curved systemic arch
3. and the long dorsal aorta

Question 19

In the cat two vessels project from the systemic arch, what are they?

Answer 19

the first and slightly larger on the cats right side is the single brachiocephalic artery.

Next, adjacent to it, is the left, subclavian artery to the eft arm.

Question 20

what are the three arteries in the cat that brach off the brachiocephalic artery?

Answer 20

the first two are the left and right common carotid arteries which lie next to and paralell with the trachea,

The third is is right subclavian artery that goes into the right arm

Question 21

describe air flow in the cat?

Answer 21

air is inhaled through the external nares into the nasopharynx, the general region dorsal to the secondary palate. It then passes through the laryngopharynx into the larynx through the glottis. Air then travels down through the trachea into primary, then secondary and tertirary bronchioles.

Question 22

cat: the precava splits into what two veins?

Answer 22

the left and right brachicephalic vein

Question 23

cat: the brachiocephalic vein is then joined by a really long vein that travels to the head!

Answer 23

thyroud veing which turns into the external jugular vein later

Question 24

cat: half way of the brachiocephalic vein is what?

Answer 24

vertebral vein

Question 25

cat: what is to the inside of the external jugular vein?

Answer 25

the internal jugular vein

Question 26

cat: what vein passes across the throat?

Answer 26

transverse jugular vein

Question 27

cat: what artery/vein leads into the kidneys?

Answer 27

renal artery and vein

Question 28

veins of the hepatic portal system do what?

Answer 28

drain the gut and its associated glands

Question 29

near the very posterior end of the cat the dorsal aorta and post cava will eventually branch into two. what are the vein and artery?

Answer 29

external illiac artery

common illiac vein