Chapter 8 Test (Volcanoes and Volcanism) Flashcards
The depression found at the top of most volcanic cones is called a?
Crater
A rapid downhill movement of hot, solid, volcanic particles suspended in steam is a?
Pyroclastic flow
A mudslide caused by a volcano is called a?
Lahar
Which of the following volcanic structures is the most common?
Stratovolcano
Which of the following statements describes a typical young-earth geologist’s view of volcanoes?
Most formed during or shortly after the flood.
Vertical is to dike as horizontal is to?
Sill
Batholiths and laccoliths are both types of?
Plutons
A good example of a hydrothermal circuit is…
the eruption of a geyser.
A spring that periodically ejects large amounts of hot water and steam is known as a?
Geyser
A volcano is made of?
Igneous rocks
The term… ? …is used to describe lava that has cooled and solidified on the ground.
Tephra
The Circum-Pacific volcano belt is sometimes called the…
Ring of Fire
Sills and dikes are products of?
Intrusive Volcanism
Geyser water is heated by?
Magma
What is magma that reaches the earth’s surface called?
Lava
What is a volcano having no historical record of eruption and showing no seismic indications of activity called?
Extinct Volcano
What are tiny, angular, glassy fragments called?
Ash
What is a streamlined mass of ejected lava that has solidified in flight called?
Bomb
What is a volcano that emits mostly lava in quiet eruptions called?
Shield Volcano
What is a volcano that emits mostly cinders, ashes, and bombs?
Cinder Cone
What type of rock are volcanoes made of?
Igneous
Viscous lava contains more… ? …than runny lava does.
Silica
Many more deaths occur from volcanic eruptions due to… ? …that from flowing lava.
Pyroclastic Flows
Thick layers of igneous rock covering large portions of the earth thought to have formed when huge quantities of magma were released through cracks in the earth’s crust are called…
Flood basalts.
According to the USGS, a volcano that has not erupted in historical times but is not significantly eroded is called a(n)…
Dormant volcano
A scale that geologists use to classify the destructiveness of a volcanic eruption is called the…
Volcanic explositivity index (VEI)
Wall-like igneous intrusions are called…
Dikes
Secular geologists believe that most of the earth’s internal heat comes from?
Radioactive Decay
The internal energy of the earth that is sometimes harnessed for man’s use is called?
Geothermal energy
How can earth science help reduce the risk of natural hazards from volcanoes?
As geologists study volcanoes, they can better understand their structure, activity, and hazards. That helps is to protect people’s lives and possessions.
Why do geysers and hot springs produce distinctive mineral deposits?
Hot groundwater is very effective at dissolving minerals in the rock that it flows over. The hot water cools when it reaches the surface, causing the minerals to precipitate.
