Chapter 8: Tangihanga

Question 1

Tangihanga

Answer 1

Death customs

Question 2

Hine-tītama

Answer 2

Daughter of first woman

Question 3

Rarohenga

Answer 3

The place where the spirits of the dead reside

Question 4

Te Rerenga Wairua

Answer 4

The leaping place of Spirits, where they leapt to Rarohenga or back to Hawaiki

Question 5

Tāne

Answer 5

Father and husband of Hine

Question 6

Hine-nui-i-te-pō

Answer 6

Hine’s new name after fleeing to the underworld

Question 7

Māui-tikitiki-o-te-Taranga

Answer 7

Sought to destroy Hine to mKe humans immortal. Changed into a lizard, reentered womb. Hine woke up with the fantail laughter and crushed him between her thighs, killing him

Question 8

Ōhākī

Answer 8

Final wishes and farewells, contained political and legal elements, instructions for utu, sometimes instructions on where to be buried, public gathering

Question 9

Utu

Answer 9

Reciprocity

Question 10

Whare tūroro

Answer 10

Temporary structure for a dying person, burnt down after death

Question 11

Whakanoa

Answer 11

Removal of tapu

Question 12

Kaumātua

Answer 12

Elder

Question 13

Mate tauā

Answer 13

Death as the result of warfare

Question 14

Mate rangatira

Answer 14

Noble death

Question 15

Mōteatea

Answer 15

To grieve, traditional chant/song/poetry

Question 16

Mate aitu, mate tara-ā-whare

Answer 16

Death by sickness or natural causes

Question 17

Mate aituā

Answer 17

Death by accident

Question 18

Mate whaiwhaiā

Answer 18

Death by mākutu

Question 19

Mākutu

Answer 19

Witchcraft, sorcery

Question 20

Preparation of dead

Answer 20

Women remove tūpāpaku, prepare for display (wash corpse, rub oil and sometimes kōkōwai on it, dress hair with feathers), place corpse with knees to chin and arms wrapped around legs, wrap in fine mats, cloaks, transport to marae in dugout canoe

Question 21

Tūpāpaku

Answer 21

Corpse

Question 22

Kōkōwai

Answer 22

Red ochre

Question 23

Wharemate, whare taua, whare pōtae

Answer 23

Room for the dead during the tangi

Question 24

Altamira

Answer 24

Platform for dead in wharemate

Question 25

Changes due to hygiene issues

Answer 25

Body must be in a coffin (not sitting up) | 3 day max tangi

Question 26

Kawa

Answer 26

Slight variations in customs from iwi to iwi, hapū to hapū, etc.

Question 27

Possible locations for corpse during tangi

Answer 27

Inside house on centre back wall under pou tuarongo Under third poupou on tara whānui of house Under window on verandah of house Make-shift separate house is built next door

Question 28

Whānau pani, kiri mate, kura tūohu

Answer 28

Immediate family of deceased, job is only to mourn and remain beside the dead

Question 29

Paepae

Answer 29

Orator’s bench

Question 30

Karanga

Answer 30

Calls on to the marae

Question 31

Ringawera

Answer 31

Kitchen hand

Question 32

Pouaru

Answer 32

Widow, traditionally would cut their hair, bodies with shells or obsidian flints to express grief, get the sadness out

Question 33

Pare kawakawa

Answer 33

Mourning wreath (for the head)

Question 34

Tohi

Answer 34

Dedication ceremony for babies

Question 35

Kawakawa

Answer 35

Important plant, used during tangi and tohi, traditionally used to disguise the stench of death, symbol of death

Question 36

Hui

Answer 36

Events/gatherings on the marae

Question 37

Wairua

Answer 37

Spirit

Question 38

Tono mate

Answer 38

When another marae requests to have the body lie at their marae, common for people with origins from more than one hapū/iwi, highly ranked individuals

Question 39

Tono

Answer 39

To request, commission

Question 40

Kawe mate, hari mate

Answer 40

Process of taking the memory (in photo form) of the deceased to a different area so that people unable to attend the tangi can mourn

Question 41

Poroaki

Answer 41

Final farewells, night before the burial

Question 42

Pō mihimihi

Answer 42

Celebration of life the night before the burial, more informal, immediate family may speak

Question 43

Urupā

Answer 43

Burial ground

Question 44

Kuia

Answer 44

Elderly women

Question 45

Poroporoaki

Answer 45

Calls during the carrying of the body from the marae to the burial ground

Question 46

Nehu

Answer 46

Burial

Question 47

Hahunga

Answer 47

Traditional practice of exhuming the body from its initial, shallow grave, about a year after death

Question 48

Takaki whare

Answer 48

“Trample the house” by ministers and family to remove tapu

Question 49

Hākari

Answer 49

Brings immediate family back from the land of the dead, whakanoa for all involved, feast

Question 50

Hura kōhatu

Answer 50

Unveiling of the headstone, replaces hahunga, offers closure