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anatomy and physiology > chapter 8: skeletal system > Flashcards

chapter 8: skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

support, protect, movement, storage, hematopoiesis

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2
Q

what are the types of bones?

A

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

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3
Q

what is an example of a long bone?

A

humerous

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4
Q

what is an example of a short bone?

A

carpals

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5
Q

what is an example of a flat bone?

A

sternum or frontal

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6
Q

what is an example of an irregular bone?

A

vertebre

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7
Q

what is an example of a sesamoid bone

A

patella

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8
Q

what is the diaphysis or shaft?

A

hollow tube made of hard compact bone, light in weight for easy movement

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9
Q

what is the medullary cavity?

A

hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone; contains yellow bone marrow

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10
Q

what is yellow bone marrow?

A

an inactive, fatty form of marrow found in the adult skeleton

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11
Q

what is epiphyses?

A

the ends of a long bone; red bone marrow fills in small spaces in the spongy bone inside the epiphyses; some yellow marrow appears with age

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12
Q

what is articular cartilage?

A

thin layer of hyaline cartilage cover each epiphysis; functions like a cushion placed over the ends of bones where they form a joint

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13
Q

what is the periosteum?

A

strong membrane of dense fibrous tissue covering a long bone everywhere except at joint surfaces

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14
Q

what is the endosteum?

A

thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity

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15
Q

what is the diploe?

A

cancellous bone layer between outer layers of compact bone in flat bones

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16
Q

what major types of connective tissue do the bones contain?

A

bone and cartilage

17
Q

what is cancellous bone?

A

(spongy bone) contains many cavities filled with red or yellow marrow; shapes made from trabeculae

18
Q

what is trabeculae?

A

beams that form the lattice of spongy; where bone cells are found

19
Q

what is compact bone?

A

matrix is organized into numerous structural units called osteons or haversian systems

20
Q

what is an osteon?

A

circular and tubelike structure composed of calcified matrix arranged in multiple layers

21
Q

what is an concentric lamella?

A

each ring in an osteon

22
Q

what is a central or haversian canal?

A

contains blood vessels and nerves; surrounded by circular lamellae

23
Q

what is a transverse canal?

A

where central canals connect to each other

24
Q

what are osteocytes?

A

mature bone cells that were formerly active bone making osteoblast cells but are now dormant; lie between the hard layers of the lamellae in lacunae

25
Q

what is lacunae

A

spaces between lamellae; hols osteocytes

26
Q

what is conaliculi?

A

tiny canals connecting the lacunae with one another and with the central canal in each osteon

27
Q

what is cartilage?

A
28
Q

what are chondrocytes?

A

located in lacunae

anatomy and physiology (2 decks)

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