chapter 8: skeletal system Flashcards
what are the functions of the skeletal system?
support, protect, movement, storage, hematopoiesis
what are the types of bones?
long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
what is an example of a long bone?
humerous
what is an example of a short bone?
carpals
what is an example of a flat bone?
sternum or frontal
what is an example of an irregular bone?
vertebre
what is an example of a sesamoid bone
patella
what is the diaphysis or shaft?
hollow tube made of hard compact bone, light in weight for easy movement
what is the medullary cavity?
hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone; contains yellow bone marrow
what is yellow bone marrow?
an inactive, fatty form of marrow found in the adult skeleton
what is epiphyses?
the ends of a long bone; red bone marrow fills in small spaces in the spongy bone inside the epiphyses; some yellow marrow appears with age
what is articular cartilage?
thin layer of hyaline cartilage cover each epiphysis; functions like a cushion placed over the ends of bones where they form a joint
what is the periosteum?
strong membrane of dense fibrous tissue covering a long bone everywhere except at joint surfaces
what is the endosteum?
thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity
what is the diploe?
cancellous bone layer between outer layers of compact bone in flat bones
what major types of connective tissue do the bones contain?
bone and cartilage
what is cancellous bone?
(spongy bone) contains many cavities filled with red or yellow marrow; shapes made from trabeculae
what is trabeculae?
beams that form the lattice of spongy; where bone cells are found
what is compact bone?
matrix is organized into numerous structural units called osteons or haversian systems
what is an osteon?
circular and tubelike structure composed of calcified matrix arranged in multiple layers
what is an concentric lamella?
each ring in an osteon
what is a central or haversian canal?
contains blood vessels and nerves; surrounded by circular lamellae
what is a transverse canal?
where central canals connect to each other
what are osteocytes?
mature bone cells that were formerly active bone making osteoblast cells but are now dormant; lie between the hard layers of the lamellae in lacunae
what is lacunae
spaces between lamellae; hols osteocytes
what is conaliculi?
tiny canals connecting the lacunae with one another and with the central canal in each osteon
what is cartilage?
what are chondrocytes?
located in lacunae
