Chapter 8, Section 2 Flashcards
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
The law of conservation of energy: energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed.
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy, that is, entropy—disorder or unusable energy–increases.
Directly or indirectly nearly all of the _____comes from the _____.
Energy for life; Sun.
What makes their own food, either with energy from the sun or from inorganic substances?
Autotrophs
What ingest other organisms to obtain energy?
Heterotrophs
All of the chemical reactions in a cell are referred to as the cell’s what?
Metabolism
A series of chemical reactions in which the product of one is the substrate for the next is called a what?
Metabolic pathway
What releases energy by breaking down larger molecules?
Catabolic pathway
What uses energy to build larger molecules?
Anabolic pathway
An anabolic pathway in which light energy from the Sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell is known as what?
Photosynthesis
A catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell is known as what?
Cellular respiration
In living things _____is stored in biological chemicals.
Chemical energy
What is the most important biological molecule that provides chemical energy?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
- Most abundant energy-carrier in cells
- Nucleotide made of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups.
ATP structure
- Releases energy when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken.
- Transforms into a molecule called adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate group.
ATP function
