chapter 8 review Flashcards
Minutemen
soldiers that needed to be ready quickly: in a minute’s notice
paul revere
rode a horse warning “the british are coming”; silversmith, named boston massacre the bloody massacre
edmund burke
1774 requested parliament be more cooperative; vs. forcing colonists to buy more taxed goods
committee of correspondence
they used mail to spread news/protest e.g. Boston Sugar Act, New York Stamp Act
budget
plan for spending money
treason
working against your government
John Adams
delegate from massachussets; 2nd president
Thomas Payne
wrote “Common Sense” pamphlet - colonists should rule themselves
John Hancock
Leader of Sons of liberty along with Samuel Adams; signer of declaration of independence
alliance
A formal agreement among groups/individuals
delegates
representatives
Benjamin Franklin
Pennsylvania delegate, proposed Albany Plan of Union: colonies join to fight French; rejected by colonies
Why was the Albany Plan rejected?
The colonists weren’t willing to work together
What caused the British and French compete for Ohio Valley?
link to French lands; British trade and growth area
George Washington
commander in chief of army, led Virginians, built Fort Neccesity
parliament
British lawmaking body
General Eduard Braddock
led 1800 British and colonial troops, advised by Washington, in April 1755 to attack French Fort Duquesne
William Pitt
British leader who helped win, turning war in British favor in 1758, after Braddock was killed
effect of the treaty of paris
french lost nearly all their lands in North America, Spain got Florida, French war ended in 1763
proclamation
public announcement
King George III
proclamation of 1763: all lands west of Appalachian mountains belonged to Indians; whites ordered to leave
how did colonists feel about british rule after proclamation of 1763
didn’t like parliament telling them to stay out; didn’t like taxes; they ignored it and kept moving west
What led to French war
British and French wanted Ohio River Valley
representation
voice: express your ideas
Patrick Henry
told Virginia House of Burgesses parliament doesn’t represent the colonies
Why’d parliament pass new taxes
pay for cost of war
George Grenville
argued in parliament colonists should pay for war
Sam Adams
started boston correspondence comittee to protest imperial policies
imperial policies
laws isued by british government
boycott
stop buying
:refuse to buy british goods
repeal
vote to
take back
Why’d colonists form correspondence committees
to pass news on protest
Townshend Acts
failed taxes by British
Boston Massacre
Massachusetts, March 5, 1770; British soldiers killed 5 angry rock-throwing colonists
crispus attucks
African American sailor, first person killed in fight for freedom
monopoly
complete control (by a group, person or company) over a good or service in an area
boston tea party
150 members of Sons of Liberty dressed as mohawk-indians and cast 342 chests of tea in harbor – likely led by Samuel Adams; after 1773 Tea Act, colonists protested East India company’s monopoly on Tea
coerce
force
blockade
to impede; navy blockaded harbor
quarter
to house someone
congress
formal meeting of representatives
petition
a signed request
revolution
sudden complete change (e.g. of government)
commander in chief
leader of all military forces
earth work
walls made of earth or stone
olive branch
ancient symbol for peace
phillis wheatley
first african american woman in the colonies to have her work published
independence
freedom to govern themselves
resolution
formal group statement
declaration
official statement
preamble
beginning of the constitution: we the people…
grievances
complaints
Articles of Confederation
the countries first plan of government; voters from each state elect legislatures to choose national legislatures: 1 vote per state
Congress of Confederation
an initial congress that provided 1 vote per state (regardless of each state’s size)
Intolerable Acts
harsh laws after boston tea party; e.q. forcing colonists to quarter British soldiers
when did french and indian war start
1750 – british viewed french troops driving out british traders as an act of war
battle of bunker hill
June 17, 1775 - at Breed’s hill - commander Putnam said, “don’t fire till you see the whites of their eyes”
colonists ran out of ammunition
but death-toll 350 colonists to 1000 british
