Chapter 8 Respiratory System Flashcards
What does the conducting portion of the respiratory system do?
Transports air to the respiratory portion
What are 5 functions of the respiratory system?
- Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide exchange
- Olfaction
- Phonation
- Provide defense
- Condition air
What is the surface epithelium of the vestibule of the nasal cavity?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What glands are present in the vestibule of the nasal cavity?
Sebaceous glands
What adds support to the vestibule of the nasal cavity?
Hyaline cartilage
Where is the respiratory region located?
Between limen nasi and superior and middle nasal concha
What are the 4 functions of the respiratory region?
- Warm air
- Clean air
- Humidify air
- Provide defense
What is the surface epithelium of the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?
Respiratory epithelium (Ciliated pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells, ciliated columnar cells, and basal cells)
What is the mucociliary apparatus?
Goblet cells and ciliated columnar cells
Where is the mucociliary apparatus located?
Respiratory region of the nasal cavity
What is the medium sized particle filter?
Mucociliary apparatus
What type of glands are found in the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?
Seromucus glands
What layer are the seromucus glands in the respiratory region of the nasal cavity located?
Lamina propria
Mucus portion of seromucus glands contribute mucus for what two reasons?
- Mucociliary clearance
2. Air humidity
What are the 4 serous products produced by seromucus glands?
- Lysozyme
- Interferons
- Cytokines
- Air humidity
What is the function of lysozyme?
Anti-bacterial
What is the function of interferons?
Anti-viral
What is the function of cytokines?
Stimulates defense cells
What is the small particle filter of the respiratory system?
Serous products of the seromucus glands
lysozyme, interferons, cytokines, air humidity
What is located in the lamina propria of the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?
- Seromucus glands
2. Cavernous plexus (large venules)
What are the functions of the cavernous plexus in the lamina propria?
- Warm air
- Humidify air
- Provide defense (inflammation)
As blood volume increases, venules enlarge and lamina propria increases in size as leumen size decreases. What does this cause?
Stuffy nose
As blood volume increases, oxygen increases and stimulates seromucus gland secretion. What does this cause?
Runny nose
What supports the respiratory portion of the nasal cavity?
Hyaline cartilage and bone
Where are paranasal sinuses located?
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
- Frontal bone
- Maxilla
How do the paranasal sinuses connect to the nasal cavity?
Through sinal ostia
What is the epithelium lining the paranasal sinuses?
Respiratory epithelium
What does the lamina propria of the paranasal sinuses contain?
- Seromucus glands
2. Blood vessels
What can happen if there are small ostia in the paranasal sinuses and the lamina propria swells?
Ostia can become blocked and may result in a sinus infection
What are the three subdivisions of the pharynx?
- Nasopharynx (superior)
- Oropharynx (middle)
- Laryngopharynx (inferior)
What is the surface epithelium of the nasopharynx?
Respiratory epithelium with mucociliary clearance
What is the surface epithelium of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What is the lamina propria of the pharynx composed of?
Loose connective tissue
Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?
Nasopharynx
Where are the palatine and lingual tonsils located?
Oropharynx
Which subdivision of the pharynx does not contain tonsils?
Laryngopharynx
Are there tonsils located in the muscularis mucosa of the pharynx?
No
Where is pharyngobasilar fascia located in the pharynx?
Submucosa
What is the name for the collagen in the periosteum of the basilar portion of the occiput that blends into the wall of the pharynx?
Pharyngobasilar Fascia
What is the function of the pharyngobasilar fascia?
Added support
What is unusual about the muscularis externa of the pharynx?
- Composed of skeletal muscle
2. Reversed muscle pattern
What does it mean to have a reversed pattern?
- Inner longitudinal layer
2. Outer circular layer
Where does the reversed pattern also occur?
Ureters
What is the surface epithelium of the trachea?
Respiratory epithelium
What kinds of cells are located in the mucosa of the trachea?
- Goblet (30%)
- Ciliated Columnar Cells(30%)
- Basal Cells (30%)
- Brush Cells (3%)
- Serous Cells (3%)
- DNES (3-4%)
What are the large particle filters that are located in the vestibule of the nasal cavity?
Vibrissae