Chapter 8 Respiratory System

Question 0

What does the conducting portion of the respiratory system do?

Answer 0

Transports air to the respiratory portion

Question 1

What are 5 functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

1. Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide exchange
2. Olfaction
3. Phonation
4. Provide defense
5. Condition air

Question 3

What is the surface epithelium of the vestibule of the nasal cavity?

Answer 3

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

What glands are present in the vestibule of the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

Sebaceous glands

Question 5

What adds support to the vestibule of the nasal cavity?

Answer 5

Hyaline cartilage

Question 6

Where is the respiratory region located?

Answer 6

Between limen nasi and superior and middle nasal concha

Question 7

What are the 4 functions of the respiratory region?

Answer 7

1. Warm air
2. Clean air
3. Humidify air
4. Provide defense

Question 8

What is the surface epithelium of the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

Respiratory epithelium 
(Ciliated pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells, ciliated columnar cells, and basal cells)

Question 9

What is the mucociliary apparatus?

Answer 9

Goblet cells and ciliated columnar cells

Question 10

Where is the mucociliary apparatus located?

Answer 10

Respiratory region of the nasal cavity

Question 11

What is the medium sized particle filter?

Answer 11

Mucociliary apparatus

Question 12

What type of glands are found in the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?

Answer 12

Seromucus glands

Question 13

What layer are the seromucus glands in the respiratory region of the nasal cavity located?

Answer 13

Lamina propria

Question 14

Mucus portion of seromucus glands contribute mucus for what two reasons?

Answer 14

1. Mucociliary clearance

2. Air humidity

Question 15

What are the 4 serous products produced by seromucus glands?

Answer 15

1. Lysozyme
2. Interferons
3. Cytokines
4. Air humidity

Question 16

What is the function of lysozyme?

Answer 16

Anti-bacterial

Question 17

What is the function of interferons?

Answer 17

Anti-viral

Question 18

What is the function of cytokines?

Answer 18

Stimulates defense cells

Question 19

What is the small particle filter of the respiratory system?

Answer 19

Serous products of the seromucus glands

lysozyme, interferons, cytokines, air humidity

Question 20

What is located in the lamina propria of the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?

Answer 20

1. Seromucus glands

2. Cavernous plexus (large venules)

Question 21

What are the functions of the cavernous plexus in the lamina propria?

Answer 21

1. Warm air
2. Humidify air
3. Provide defense (inflammation)

Question 22

As blood volume increases, venules enlarge and lamina propria increases in size as leumen size decreases. What does this cause?

Answer 22

Stuffy nose

Question 23

As blood volume increases, oxygen increases and stimulates seromucus gland secretion. What does this cause?

Answer 23

Runny nose

Question 24

What supports the respiratory portion of the nasal cavity?

Answer 24

Hyaline cartilage and bone

Question 25

Where are paranasal sinuses located?

Answer 25

1. Ethmoid 2. Sphenoid 3. Frontal bone 4. Maxilla

Question 26

How do the paranasal sinuses connect to the nasal cavity?

Answer 26

Through sinal ostia

Question 27

What is the epithelium lining the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 27

Respiratory epithelium

Question 28

What does the lamina propria of the paranasal sinuses contain?

Answer 28

1. Seromucus glands | 2. Blood vessels

Question 29

What can happen if there are small ostia in the paranasal sinuses and the lamina propria swells?

Answer 29

Ostia can become blocked and may result in a sinus infection

Question 30

What are the three subdivisions of the pharynx?

Answer 30

1. Nasopharynx (superior) 2. Oropharynx (middle) 3. Laryngopharynx (inferior)

Question 31

What is the surface epithelium of the nasopharynx?

Answer 31

Respiratory epithelium with mucociliary clearance

Question 32

What is the surface epithelium of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx?

Answer 32

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 33

What is the lamina propria of the pharynx composed of?

Answer 33

Loose connective tissue

Question 34

Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?

Answer 34

Nasopharynx

Question 35

Where are the palatine and lingual tonsils located?

Answer 35

Oropharynx

Question 36

Which subdivision of the pharynx does not contain tonsils?

Answer 36

Laryngopharynx

Question 37

Are there tonsils located in the muscularis mucosa of the pharynx?

Answer 37

No

Question 38

Where is pharyngobasilar fascia located in the pharynx?

Answer 38

Submucosa

Question 39

What is the name for the collagen in the periosteum of the basilar portion of the occiput that blends into the wall of the pharynx?

Answer 39

Pharyngobasilar Fascia

Question 40

What is the function of the pharyngobasilar fascia?

Answer 40

Added support

Question 41

What is unusual about the muscularis externa of the pharynx?

Answer 41

1. Composed of skeletal muscle | 2. Reversed muscle pattern

Question 42

What does it mean to have a reversed pattern?

Answer 42

1. Inner longitudinal layer | 2. Outer circular layer

Question 43

Where does the reversed pattern also occur?

Answer 43

Ureters

Question 44

What is the surface epithelium of the trachea?

Answer 44

Respiratory epithelium

Question 45

What kinds of cells are located in the mucosa of the trachea?

Answer 45

1. Goblet (30%) 2. Ciliated Columnar Cells(30%) 3. Basal Cells (30%) 4. Brush Cells (3%) 5. Serous Cells (3%) 6. DNES (3-4%)

Question 46

What are the large particle filters that are located in the vestibule of the nasal cavity?

Answer 46

Vibrissae