Chapter 8 Renal Disorders Flashcards
What are the classifications of kidney disease?
acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal replacement therapy (RRT) for endstage renal disease (ESRD).
Kidneys recieve 20% of CO, What is the structure of the nephron?
Nephron:
glomeruli, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule , then collecting duct
Describe the structure of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
2) What is its function of he JGA?
Next to the glomerulus is the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), the vascular pole where the afferent arteriole arrives and the efferent arteriole leaves the glomerulus.
2) The cells of the JGA are the source of the hormone renin, which, via the renin– angiotensin– aldosterone system, contributes
What is the 3 main things the renin-angiotensin system control?
blood pressure, salt and water homeostasis, and vascular tone
what does the ultrafiltate within tubular lumen pass through to be produced?
glomerular filtration barrier, into the urinary space and the into the tubule
What is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule
about 60% of the filtered water, sodium, chloride and potassium is reabsorbed here.
glucose completely
phosphate and 95% of filtered amino acids
When is glucose no reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?
diabetics, as the filtered load of glucose exceeds reabsorption capacity when the plasma glucose level is very high,
what mechanism allows the loop of henle to make concentrated urine?
countercurrent multiplier mechanism
2) water leaves on way down, Na+ Cl- is actively transported out of tubule (reabsorbed) on way up, thus more water leaves on way down (osmotic difference between tubule and medulla) ,thus even more Na+CL- is reabsorbed (pushed out of tubule) as its oncentraiton within tubule increases. This results in more dilute urine. Thanks to a hyperosmolar medulla.
