Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Organ Systems > Chapter 8 - Renal > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Renal Flashcards

1
Q

The three kidney sytems:

A

1 pronephros
2 mesonephros
3 metanephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Paired organ that connects the primitive mesonephros to cloaca?

A

Wolffian duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Outgrowth from the caudal Wolffian duct where the renal collecting system is derived from?

A

Ureteric bud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nephron is derived from

A

Metanephric mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Failure of obliteration of allantois (patent urachus)

A

Urachal fistula (baby draining urine from the umbilicus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Allantois > urachus >

A

Median umbilical ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Urogenital sinus

A

1 urinary bladder

2 urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Babies can’t go potty in utero

A

Potter sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Malformation of ureteric bud results in bilateral agenesis

A

Potter sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Potter sequence presentation

A

1 limb deformities
2 facial deformities
3 pulmonary hypoplasia (oligohydramnios)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F Potter is incompatible with neonatal life

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Unascended kidneys (can’t pass umbilical arteries)

A

Renal ectopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Presentation renal ectopy

A

1 pyelonephritis

2 renal stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Horseshoe kidney is trapped under inferior mesenteric artery, rare in females, if found usually associated with

A

Turner syndrome (in 7%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most common presentation horseshoe kidney

A

UTI

Followed by: obstruction, hematuria, or abdominal pain&raquo_space; nephrolithiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Renal fusion can occur as clinical feature of VACTERL syndrome

A 
Vertebral
Anal
Cardiac
Tracheal
Esophageal
Renal
Limb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Urinary system is derived from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Retroperitoneal structures - SAD PUCKER

A 
Suprarenal glands (adrenal glands)
Aorta/IVC
Duodenum (2,3,4 segments)
Pancrease (except tail)
Ureters
Colon (ascending and descending)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Muscles of posterior abdominal wall

A
  1. Psoas major
  2. Psoas minor
  3. Iliacus
  4. Quadratus lumborum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Kidneys are located at the level of

A

i. Left kidney: T12-L3

ii. Right kidney: lower due to liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Kidneys are embedded in loose connective tissue called

A

Gerotas fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Kidneys lymphatic drainage

A

Lumbar nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Kidneys nerve supply

A

Thoracic splanchnic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Right gonadal vein drains into

A

IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Left gonadal vein drains into

A

Left renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Water under the bridge - ureters pass under

A
  1. Gonadal artery
  2. Uterine artery or
  3. Vas deferens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Ureteral stones most commonly impact:

A
  1. Ureter-renal pelvis junction (UPJ)
  2. External iliac artery
  3. Ureter-bladder junction (UBJ)
28
Q

Ureters join the bladder at posterior-inferior portion forming the

A

Urinary trigone

29
Q

Bladder is lined by

A

Transitional epithelium

30
Q

Prostate stores and secretes ___________ making 25% of the semen volume

A

Alkaline fluid

31
Q

Vas deferens joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to become the

A

Ejaculatory duct

32
Q

Male urethra is lined by

A
  1. Transitional epithelium (as it exits the bladder)
  2. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  3. Stratified squamous epithelium (near meatus)
33
Q

Male urethra’s four anatomic divisions:

A
  1. Preprostatic
  2. Prostatic
  3. Membranous
  4. Penile
34
Q

Passes through prostate gland, receives semen from ejaculatory ducts and lined by transitional epithelium

A

Prostatic urethra

35
Q

Membranous urethra is surrounded by striated muscle forming voluntary external urethral sphincter and produce viscous secretions from

A

Bulbourethral glands

36
Q

The longest segment consisting of bulbous and pendulous sections and travels through the corpus spongiosum

A

Penile urethra

37
Q

Penile urethra is surrounded by Littre glands that secretes mucus added to the semen and is lined by

A
  1. Proximally: pseudostratified columnar epithelium

2. Distally: stratified squamous epithelium

38
Q

Female urethra is lined by

A
  1. Stratified squamous

2. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

39
Q

T/F Female urethra is also lined by Littre glands

A

True

40
Q

The transitional zone of prostate expands forming

A

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

41
Q

Most cancers of the prostate arise from ____________ and do not cause urinary retention until late.

A

Outer peripheral zone

42
Q

Primary functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

43
Q

Nephron is composed of

A
  1. Renal corpuscle

2. Tubular system

44
Q

Filtration barrier of the renal corpuscle is composed of

A
  1. Fenestrated capillary endothelium
  2. Basement membrane
  3. Slit diaphragms between foot processes of podocytes
45
Q

Damage to the filtration barrier allows larger molecules like proteins to cross the urinary space resulting in

A

Proteinuria

46
Q

Glomerulus

A

Fenestrated endothelium

47
Q

Bowman capsule

A
  1. Visceral layer (inner)

2. Parietal layer (outer)

48
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium with brush border

49
Q

Thick descending loop of Henle and thick ascending loop of Henle

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

50
Q

Thin descending loop of Henle and thin ascending loop of Henle

A

Simple squamous epithelium

51
Q

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium without brush border

52
Q

Collecting tubules

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

53
Q

Collecting ducts

A

Columnar epithelium

54
Q

Renal calyces

A

Transitional epithelium

55
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Transitional epithelium

56
Q

Ureters

A

Transitional epithelium

57
Q

Visceral layer is an outer lining on glomerular capillaries and lined by

A
  1. Podocytes

2. Foot processes

58
Q

Parietal layer forms the outer covering continuous with PCT and does not play a role in filtration and is lined by

A

Simple squamous epithelium

59
Q

Found between parietal and visceral layers; filtrate collects here

A

Urinary space

60
Q

Cardinal feature of nephrotic syndrome

A

Heavy proteinuria

61
Q

“Workhorse of the nephron”; reabsorbs all glucose and amino acids and most of the Na, H2O, HCO3, Cl, PO3

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

62
Q

Thick descending limb and thin descending limb

A

Impermeable to Na but allows passive resorption of H2O

63
Q

Thin ascending limb and thick ascending limb

A

Impermeable to H2O but reabsorbs Na

64
Q

“Diluting segment”; impermeable to H2O but reabsorbs Na

A

Distal convoluted tubules

65
Q

Transport urine from nephron to hilum; Na is reabsorbed in exchange of K and H (influence aldosterone) and H2O is reabsorbed (influence ADH)

A

Collecting tubules

66
Q

Receive urine from numerous nephrons

A

Collecting ducts

67
Q

Establish the hypertonic gradient and regulates the production of concentrated urine

A

Loop of henle

Organ Systems (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions