Chapter 8 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

The change from a agrarian society to one based on industry which began in Great Britain and spread to the United States around 1800

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2
Q

Capitalism

A

The economic system of the United States

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3
Q

Capital

A

Money into a business in hopes of making a profit

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4
Q

Free enterprise

A

Is another term used to describe the American economy. The major elements of free enterprise are competition profit private property and economic freedom

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5
Q

Technology

A

Scientific discoveries that simplify work

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6
Q

Eli Whitney

A

Inventor of the cotton grin and interchangeable parts

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7
Q

Cotton grin

A

A simple machine that quickly and efficiently removed seeds from cotton fiber

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8
Q

Patent

A

Gives an investor the sole legal right to the invention and its profits for a certain period of time

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9
Q

Samuel Slater

A

Had worked in the factory that use machines invented by Richard Arkwright for spinning cotton thread that later he memorized and brought it to America which made an important step in the industrial role of the revolution in America

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10
Q

Francis Cabot Lowell

A

Opened a textile plant in Waltham, Massachusetts

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11
Q

Interchangeable parts

A

Identical machine parts that could be put together quickly to make a complete product

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12
Q

Factory system

A

Is system that brought manufacturing steps together in one place to increase the efficiency

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13
Q

65% of Americans

A

Were farmers

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14
Q

Northeast

A

Farmers tended to be small and produce was usually marketed locally

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15
Q

South

A

Cotton production increased dramatically

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16
Q

Southern

A

Plantation owners use enslaved workers to plant, tend, and pick the cotton what you then were placed into a cotton Gin

17
Q

Census

A

Official cattle population of the nation

18
Q

Turnpikes

A

Tollroads fees travelers pay to use these roads help pay for Constitution

19
Q

National Road

A

Federal government build a road to connect to the East Congress approved funds for this national road to the west and five years later agreed on the route the first section from Maryland Celeste original did not open until 1818 the national Road reach Ohio and continue onto Vandilla Illinois

20
Q

Rivers The problem

A

First of all most rivers pointed toward the north-south direction not east to west for most people and goods were headed second traveling upstream by barge against the current was an extremely difficult and slow way to travel

21
Q

Robert Fulton

A

developed a steamboat with a powerful engine that seek its way of the Hudson River to Albany.

22
Q

Canal

A

An artificial water way

23
Q

Lake Erie

A

Connected Hudson ever with Buffalo

24
Q

Locks

A

Separate compartments where water levels were raised or lowered

25
Trade unions
Organizations of workers with the same trade or skill
26
Strikes
Refusing to work in order to put pressure on employers
27
Prejudice
An unfair opinion that is not based on facts
28
Discrimination
Unfair treatment of the group
29
Sarah Bagely
Petitioned the state legislature for a 10 hour day
30
Lowell girls
Only girls working at the mill in a factory in lowell Massachusetts
31
Famine
Is an extreme shortage of food
32
Immigration
The biggest population the Irish and the second largest group of immigrants was Germany
33
Irish immigrants and half of German immigrants were Roman Catholics what problems did this do
Immigrants face prejudice
34
Nativist
People who are opposed to immigration
35
The know nothing party
The nativist form secret anti-Catholic socialites and in the 1850s they join to form a new political party the American party the party had became a force in American politics resisting immigrant to settle on American soil