Chapter 8 Quiz Flashcards
Industrial Revolution
The change from a agrarian society to one based on industry which began in Great Britain and spread to the United States around 1800
Capitalism
The economic system of the United States
Capital
Money into a business in hopes of making a profit
Free enterprise
Is another term used to describe the American economy. The major elements of free enterprise are competition profit private property and economic freedom
Technology
Scientific discoveries that simplify work
Eli Whitney
Inventor of the cotton grin and interchangeable parts
Cotton grin
A simple machine that quickly and efficiently removed seeds from cotton fiber
Patent
Gives an investor the sole legal right to the invention and its profits for a certain period of time
Samuel Slater
Had worked in the factory that use machines invented by Richard Arkwright for spinning cotton thread that later he memorized and brought it to America which made an important step in the industrial role of the revolution in America
Francis Cabot Lowell
Opened a textile plant in Waltham, Massachusetts
Interchangeable parts
Identical machine parts that could be put together quickly to make a complete product
Factory system
Is system that brought manufacturing steps together in one place to increase the efficiency
65% of Americans
Were farmers
Northeast
Farmers tended to be small and produce was usually marketed locally
South
Cotton production increased dramatically
Southern
Plantation owners use enslaved workers to plant, tend, and pick the cotton what you then were placed into a cotton Gin
Census
Official cattle population of the nation
Turnpikes
Tollroads fees travelers pay to use these roads help pay for Constitution
National Road
Federal government build a road to connect to the East Congress approved funds for this national road to the west and five years later agreed on the route the first section from Maryland Celeste original did not open until 1818 the national Road reach Ohio and continue onto Vandilla Illinois
Rivers The problem
First of all most rivers pointed toward the north-south direction not east to west for most people and goods were headed second traveling upstream by barge against the current was an extremely difficult and slow way to travel
Robert Fulton
developed a steamboat with a powerful engine that seek its way of the Hudson River to Albany.
Canal
An artificial water way
Lake Erie
Connected Hudson ever with Buffalo
Locks
Separate compartments where water levels were raised or lowered
Trade unions
Organizations of workers with the same trade or skill
Strikes
Refusing to work in order to put pressure on employers
Prejudice
An unfair opinion that is not based on facts
Discrimination
Unfair treatment of the group
Sarah Bagely
Petitioned the state legislature for a 10 hour day
Lowell girls
Only girls working at the mill in a factory in lowell Massachusetts
Famine
Is an extreme shortage of food
Immigration
The biggest population the Irish and the second largest group of immigrants was Germany
Irish immigrants and half of German immigrants were Roman Catholics what problems did this do
Immigrants face prejudice
Nativist
People who are opposed to immigration
The know nothing party
The nativist form secret anti-Catholic socialites and in the 1850s they join to form a new political party the American party the party had became a force in American politics resisting immigrant to settle on American soil
