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PSYC 110 > Chapter 8: Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What term is used by the Inuit to describe a psychopathic personality?

A

Kunlangeta

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2
Q

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy?

A

Most psychopaths meet the criteria for antisocial personality disorder

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3
Q

According to the original analysis of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), factor 1 primarily describes __________________.

A

the interpersonal/affective characteristics of the disorder

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4
Q

There are a number of challenges associated with using self-report questionnaires to assess psychopathy. Name 3 challenges associated with self-report measures of psychopathy?

A
  • Psychopaths will manipulate tests to reflect their best interests.
  • Psychopaths will have difficulty reporting on specific emotions they may never have felt.
  • Psychopaths may not have sufficient insight into their own traits and behaviour.
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5
Q

Studies using self-report psychopathy scales in university populations have reported that high psychopathy scores are associated with which of the following?

A

Detecting vulnerable victims

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6
Q

Which term has been used to describe an individual whose psychopathic traits are believed to be a result of poor parenting or other environmental factors and is often used by the media?

A

Sociopathy

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6
Q

Oliver has been arrested as the prime suspect in a murder case and is about to undergo an interrogation. Oliver is believed to be highly psychopathic. Based on the suggestions of Quayle (2008), what type of behaviour would NOT be expected of a psychopathic suspect?

A. Not being fooled by bluffs
B. Avoidance of being the focus of attention
C. Attempting to shock
D. Attempting to control the interview

A

B. Avoidance of being the focus of attention

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7
Q

Dr. Shelby was hired by the prosecution and asked to provide a PCL-R rating for an offender on trial for sexual assault. The defence hired Dr. Krane to provide a PCL-R rating for their client as well. Based on the concept of adversarial allegiance, how would the ratings of the two psychologists differ?

A

Dr. Shelby would provide a higher PCL-R rating than Dr. Krane.

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8
Q

In their study of corporate psychopathy, Babiak, Neumann, and Hare (2010) reported that ______________.

A

psychopathic professionals were less likely to be team players and had stronger communication skills

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9
Q

When examining laypeople’s knowledge about psychopathy, Smith and colleagues (2014) found that _____________________.

A

laypeople confuse psychotic features with psychopathic features

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10
Q

In a study by Woodworth and Porter (2002) examining the use of instrumental motives, psychopaths engaged in instrumental murder in ______ of cases.

A

93 percent

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11
Q

Which of the following is NOT a myth associated with psychopathy?

A. All psychopaths are violent.
B. Psychopaths are all intelligent.
C. Psychopaths are treatable.
D. Psychopaths do not know the difference between right and wrong.

A

Psychopaths are treatable.

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12
Q

Research on the association between psychopathy and violence has shown that ___________.

A

psychopaths commit both reactive and instrumental violence

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13
Q

Porter, ten Brinke, and Wilson (2009) found that psychopathic offenders were more likely to be given an early release compared to nonpsychopathic offenders. How did the researchers explain this finding?

A

Psychopathic offenders are able to manipulate the criminal justice system.

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14
Q

Relative to nonpsychopathic rapists, Brown and Forth (1997) reported that psychopathic rapists are more likely to be __________________.

A

opportunistic and vindictive

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15
Q

Psychopathic offenders drop out of treatment more often than other offenders. According to Sewall and Olver (2019), which PCL-R facet is most strongly related to dropping out of treatment?

A

Affective deficits facet

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15
Q

Research by Rice, Harris, and Cormier (1992) measuring the effectiveness of institutional treatment with psychopathic and nonpsychopathic forensic psychiatric patients found that ___________.

A

treated psychopathic forensic patients had higher rates of violent reoffending than did untreated psychopathic forensic patients

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16
Q

It appears that more recent treatment attempts with adult psychopathic offenders may be ______________ than early attempts.

A

more successful

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17
Q

Which of the following treatment approaches has been recommended to use with psychopathic offenders?

A

Cognitive behavioural therapy

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18
Q

Which PCL-R facet is most strongly related to dropping out of treatment in samples of sexual offenders?

A

Deficient affective experience

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19
Q

Robert’s parents feel he exhibits reckless behaviour, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse. Robert has been this way since birth, and his parents feel he has a difficult temperament. Robert might have ________________.

A

psychopathy

20
Q

Research in the United States has found that mock jurors presented with information on a juvenile psychopath are ___________________.

A

more likely to support the death penalty

21
Q

Which of the following measures have been developed to assess potential psychopathic traits in children?

A

Antisocial Process Screening Device

22
Q

Researchers have found youth with psychopathic traits differ from adults with psychopathic traits. Which of the following statements is correct?

A

Youth with psychopathic traits are more responsive to treatment as compared to adults with psychopathic traits.

22
Q

One concern about measuring psychopathic traits in youth is how stable they are. Which developmental period shows the greatest change in psychopathic traits?

A

Adolescence

23
Q

Retrospective studies assessing callous-unemotional traits in youth or psychopathy in adults by asking them about their childhood experiences have found that psychopathic individuals report lower levels of ________________.

A

parental care

24
Q

Which of the following is the best research method to study the effects of family experiences on the development of psychopathy?

A

Prospective longitudinal studies

25
Q

Why have identical twins been used to assess the role genetics play in the development of psychopathy?

A

They have the same genes.

26
Q

Twin studies of children, adolescents, and adults examining the heritability of psychopathic traits have found that _______________.

A

identical twins have more similar psychopathy scores as compared to fraternal twins

27
Q

Which of the following family background variables predicted PCL:SV scores in a longitudinal study that spanned 40 years conducted by Farrington and Bergstrøm (2018)?

A

Childhood physical neglect

28
Q

Who was the first person to propose that psychopaths have a deficit in experiencing emotions?

A

Hervey Cleckley

29
Q

Patrick and colleagues (1993) conducted a study whereby psychopathic and nonpsychopathic individuals’ startle blink reflex was evaluated while participants watched pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant images. Patrick and colleagues found that _________________.

A

psychopathic individuals did not vary in their startle blink reflexes across different images

30
Q

Attempting to explain psychopathy by proposing that psychopaths fail to use contextual cues that may inhibit deviant behaviour is referred to as a(n) ___________ model of psychopathy.

A

cognitive

30
Q

Recent research has suggested that psychopaths’ performance deficits on emotional tasks may not result from amygdala dysfunction, but rather deficits in _________________.

A

attention

31
Q

Early research by Williamson, Harpur, and Hare (1991) asked offenders to respond to emotional, neutral, and nonwords as fast as they could. Their study found that ______________.

A

nonpsychopaths show faster reaction times to emotional words as compared to neutral words

32
Q

Psychopathy accounts for _______ of the prison population, while antisocial personality disorder accounts for _______ of the prison population.

A

10–25 percent / 60–80 percent

33
Q

When doing a clinical assessment in adults, psychopathy is most commonly assessed via the ________________.

A

Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised

34
Q

Weiler and Widom (1996) reported that children who experienced abuse and neglect had slightly higher psychopathy scores as adults. What type of research design was used in this study?

A

Longitudinal

35
Q

The response modulation hypothesis argues that the psychopathic individual ______________.

A

has trouble attending to information that would modulate their emotional responses

36
Q

Based on the triarchic model of psychopathy developed by Patrick, Fowles, and Krueger (2009), self-report measures of psychopathy tap into which three main personality components?

A

Boldness, meanness, disinhibition

37
Q

A recent study on gender differences in psychopathic traits by Neumann, Schmitt, Carter, Embley, and Hare (2012) found that _____________________.

A

lifestyle traits (i.e., risk taking) are more prevalent than antisocial traits (i.e., violence) in general

38
Q

Which of the following is NOT an example of how the construct of psychopathy has influenced court or criminal justice decisions?

A. To prove incompetence or unfitness to stand trial
B. To contribute to a dangerous offender designation
C. To support a transfer from youth to adult court
D. To determine parole eligibility

A

To prove incompetence or unfitness to stand trial

39
Q

Caldwell and colleagues (2006) examined treatment outcomes in youth with high scores on the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version. They found that the youth who received treatment in a correctional centre had ________________.

A

twice the violent reoffending rate of youth treated in a treatment centre

40
Q

Kirkman (2005) examined the behaviours displayed by nonincarcerated psychopaths in heterosexual relationships. Which of the following is NOT one of the behaviours that psychopaths displayed in this context

A. Multiple infidelities
B. Emotional abuse
C. Mistreatment of children
D. Dependence and insecurity

A

Dependence and insecurity - Psychopathic individuals in the community engage in a variety of harmful behaviours toward others.

41
Q

Sewall and Olver (2019) found that psychopathic sexual offenders who stayed in treatment were _____________________.

A

less likely to violently reoffend

42
Q

Research studies assessing the heritability of psychopathic traits have found that __________________.

A

identical twins are more similar in their Psychopathic Personality Inventory scores than fraternal same sex twins

43
Q

Gerald is classified as a sexual offender and is part of the sexual offender group that has been found to have the lowest psychopathy scores. What type of sexual offender is Gerald?

A

Child molester

44
Q

Research by Porter, ten Brinke, and Wilson (2009) has found that psychopathic offenders can manipulate the criminal justice system in relation to parole and early release. In particular, they reported that _____________________.

A

psychopaths are given early release from prison more often than nonpsychopaths, but they are less successful in the community because they reoffend sooner

45
Q

Researchers examining emotional deficits in psychopaths have proposed which part of the brain explains these deficits?

A

Amygdala

46
Q

Research by Kimonis and colleagues (2018) has examined the effectiveness of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy with children with conduct problems and high callous-unemotional (CU) traits. In particular, they reported that _______________.

A

children showed an increase in their empathetic responses

PSYC 110 (7 decks)

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