Chapter 8 - Planning and Management Regimes Flashcards
Crown land (or public land) is owned by ______________ governments
provincial/federal
What does Crown Land include?
Includes vegetation, soil, and minerals on and under the
surface of the land
____________ are subject to federal jurisdiction except where delegated to territorial governments or allocated to Indigenous Peoples
Northern territories
Why is much of the legislation covering Crown Land sectoral?
To highlight the conflict between development and protection
What does Public Land Planning and Management consider?
Takes into account the many competing demands and long- term possibilities for public land use
Land use management= decisions are more likely to be accepted as legitimate and trustworthy if there is _______________.
direct engagement of relevant interests
What are two reasons that cause complexity in Crown Land Management?
- Ecological and socio-economic activities on public lands are intricately interwoven and constantly changing
- Wise management must accept uncertainty and anticipate surprise
What are the three types of law that impact Parks and Other Protected Areas?
- International Law
- Federal Law
- Provincial Law
- Other (Private Ownership, Indigenous Law)
What is the COSEWIC?
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada
What are the five species at risk categories under COSEWIC?
- Extinct
- Extirpated
- Endangered
- Threatened
- Special Concern
Under what Accord did Canada commit to establishing complementary legislation for at risk species?
Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk (1996)
What is CITES?
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
What does CITES do?
Seeks to ensure that international trade in wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival
What Act did Canada pass to implement the actions set out in CITES?
Wild Animal and Plant Protection and Regulation of International and Interprovincial Trade Act
What four things can poor planning decisions on land use lead to?
- physical destruction of the natural environment
- wasteful consumption of agricultural land
- loss of habitat for native species
- contamination of air, land, and water
__________ regimes therefore serve a critical role in environmental protection
Land use planning
What does Land Use Planning involve?
Involves the use of a set of assessment tools for making decisions about land use
What does Land Use Planning require to be successful?
Requires application of planning principles in a scientific way, through a fair and open decision-making process that considers different stakeholders’ needs and values
Land use planning regimes typically carry out four functions:
- Land Use Plans
- Zoning Bylaws
- Subdivision and Land Severance
- Decision-Making Processes
What must be done to control urban sprawl?
Most jurisdictions should focus
population growth within existing urban areas
and adjacent lands
Why is intensification important as a growth management tool?
Intensification allows more people to live within current urban boundaries, helps support improvements in public transit, and better uses other existing services and infrastructure
What are Watershed Planning and Source Water Protection based on?
Planning is based on natural watershed boundaries
In Ontario, the Conservation Authorities Act created watershed-based entities what four things?
Conservation authorities have jurisdiction over one or more watersheds and are responsible for:
- flooding and erosion
- floodplain protection
- approval authority over development proposals affecting wetlands and other environmental features
The ____________ introduced a process for assessing and reducing threats to drinking water through “source protection plans”
Ontario Clean Water Act
What are some new understandings of Electric Power Systems?
- Hydro projects can disrupt ecosystems and livelihoods
- Nuclear power requires extraordinary safety efforts and leaves highly toxic radioactive waste
- Fossil fuels discharge smog producing emissions and= contribute to climate change
What are some new approaches in the Electric Power Systems?
- Promoting electricity conservation and demand management
- converting to small-scale renewable energy sources
- moving toward more integrated and more open power system planning
In what four ways can energy efficiency be achieved?
- energy conservation
- conversion to more energy efficient technologies
- peak saving
- energy source shifting
On a federal level, how have they promoted energy efficiency?
Through the Federal Energy Efficiency Act
True or false: Because provinces have more direct authority over electricity systems, they have a greater ability to set pricing regimes or use other tools
True
What are some law-based tools to encourage electricity production from renewable sources?
- Require min % of renewable sourced electricity
- Introduce subsidies
- Secure base prices for renewable energy suppliers
- Contract directly construction of renewable energy facilities
- Purchase electrical power from renewable energy facilities
The impact on environmental law from shifts to integrated system planning has implications for what two things?
- The nature of decision-making processes
- The authority, structure, and substance of the resulting system plans
What are two current challenges with Electric Power Systems?
- Transition to managing a more complex system that combines conventional sources with conservation is difficult
- Many uncertainties (customer concerns, facilities reaching the end of their lives, political will) push provincial electricity authorities into integrated system planning
