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biology > chapter 8 - photosynthesis > Flashcards

chapter 8 - photosynthesis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

adenosine triphosphate

A

(ATP). one of the most important compounds that cells use to store and release energy

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2
Q

heterotrophs

A

obtain energy by consuming/eating other living things

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3
Q

autotrophs

A

organisms that make their own food like plants

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4
Q

photosynthesis (brief definition)

A

the process when plants convert the energy of sunlight into chemical energy stored in the bonds of carbohydrates

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5
Q

pigments

A

light- absorbing molecules. photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight with pigment.

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6
Q

chlorophyll

A

plants’ principal pigment

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7
Q

thylakoids

A

saclike photosynthetic membranes inside chloroplasts.

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8
Q

granum

A

stacked thylakoids

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9
Q

stroma

A

the fluid portion of the chloroplast, outside of the thylakoids

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10
Q

NADP+

A

(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). NADP+ accepts and holds 2 high-energy electrons and a hydrogen ion which converts them into NADPH.

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11
Q

photosynthesis equation

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –light—–> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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12
Q

photosynthesis equations (words)

A

carbon dioxide + water —light—-> sugars + oxygen

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13
Q

light dependent reactions

A

require direct involvement of light and light- absorbing pigment. takes place in the thylakoids

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14
Q

light independent reactions

A

ATP and NADPH molecules produces in the light- dependent reactions, are used to produce high-energy sugars from carbon dioxide. no light is required and it takes place in the stroma

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15
Q

reactant(s) of light- dependent reactions

A

water [H2O + (light)]

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16
Q

product(s) of light dependent reactions

A

oxygen (O2)

17
Q

reactant(s) of light- independent reactions

A

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

18
Q

product(s) of light independent reactions

A

sugars

19
Q

photosystems

A

clusters of chlorophyll and proteins. surrounded by accessory pigments and are essential to light dependent reactions

20
Q

electron transport chain

A

series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high- energy electrons during ATP generating reactions

21
Q

ATP synthase

A

a protein that the thylakoid membrane contains. it spans the membrane and allows H+ ions to pass through it

22
Q

calvin cycle

A

(light independent reactions). ATP and NADPH from the light dependent reactions are used to make hight energy sugars

23
Q

most important factors that affect photosynthesis are…

A

temperature, light intensity, and the availability of water

biology (4 decks)

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