Chapter 8- Photosynthesis Flashcards
Autotroph
Organisms that use chloroplasts to take energy from the sun and use it for food- they make their own food
Heterotroph
Have to eat in order to get energy.
What is Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)?
A chemical compound used to store and release energy. The phosphate makes it good at storing and releasing energy. The basic source of energy for the cells
How do plants store energy?
There is a phosphate bonded to ADP (which looks like ATP but only two phosphates) so that it turns into ATP, which then makes it able to store small amounts of energy at a time.
How do plants release energy?
The chemical bond between the second and third phosphate so that the cell can use the energy stored as needed
ATP has enough energy to…
Power a variety of cellular activities such as active transport protein synthesis and muscle contraction
How does BIochemical energy work
Because atp is great for the transfer of energy but bad for the storing of energy, ATP and ADP use things like glucose to help regenerate ATP and store more energy
What is the process of photosynthesis?
Plants use the energy from the sun to convert water and CO2 into high energy carbs and oxygen into a waste product (release oxygen and that’s how we breathe)
What did all of the scientists discover?
Van Helmont- most plants mass comes from water
Priestley- plants release oxygen
Ingenhousz- light is necessary for energy
What is the photosynthesis equation?
CO2 + H2O —>C6H12O6 + O2
What are details of lights and pigments?
Photosynthesis uses a chlorophyll (a molecule in chloroplasts) and absorbs other pigments as well (carotene and Xanthrophyl). Chlorophyll (the principal pigment) absorbs red and blue-violet really well but not green and yellow which is why they are green.
Where do light dependent reactions take place?
Thylakoids
What do each of the photosystems do?
Photo system 2 (the one that comes first) absorbs light then gives charged electrons to Electron chain and releases oxygen then passed to photosystem 1 (the second one) which uses pigments to energize the electrons then pass them to NADP+ which then takes the elections to the Calvin cycle. MEANWHILE… hydrogen comes in in mass and the difference in charges inside and outside of the thylakoid creates ATP and then ATP synthase rotates and allows hydrogen to pass through which adds phosphate to ATP (making ADP) which then goes to the Calvin cycle.
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
The stroma
Summarize the Calvin cycle
Carbon dioxide molecules enter the cycle then combine with 6 5-carbon molecules which results in 12 3-carbon molecules
12 3-carbon molecules are converted into higher energy forms using the energy from ADP and NADPH
2 of the 12 3-carbon molecules are removed from the cycle then used to produce sugars and lipids and whatnot
The remaining 3-carbon molecules turn back into 6 5-carbons then repeat
