chapter 8 pe questions

Question 1

describe two characteristics of a performer who is in the associative stage of learning

Answer 1

associative learners spend lots of time practicing or repeating actions. They become more consistent they make fewer mistakes than cognitive learners.

Question 2

describe using examples how visual guidance benefits a performer at the cognitive stage

Answer 2

Demonstrations of a skill allow learners to see clearly how it should be performed, videos of the learners performance can be used to identify what needs to be improved and videos of elite athletes help a learner to see how a skill is used in a competitive context.

Question 3

explain the importance of receiving feedback when learning a skill

Answer 3

feedback helps performers to identify their weaknesses and take steps to improve. it also allows them to measure their progress which can be motivating and helps to prevent the adoption of incorrect techniques

Question 4

describe one feature e of a skill and one feature of ability

Answer 4

skill is developed through learning or practice. ability is genetically determined (inherited)

Question 5

state an example of an open skill and a closed skill from one named physical activity

Answer 5

physical activity is basketball . open skill a chest pass during open play and a closed skill is a free throw

Question 6

justify your answer for the open skill in basketball

Answer 6

execution of a pass in basketball is determined by factors such as the position and movements of teammates and opponents. meaning the skill is performed differently each time

Question 7

the diagram shows the stages of a basic information processing model name the stages labelled a and b

a –> decision making –> output —> b

Answer 7

a is the input\
b is the feedback

Question 8

explain using an example of a skill in a physical activity the role of decision making and output int the model

Answer 8

example of skill is the Penalty kick in football

decision making the player decides where to place the kick based on factors such as the position of the goalkeeper).

Output the decision is acted upon the player takes the penalty

Question 9

state three factors that cause variation in skill levels

Answer 9

1) the amount of time spent practising experience
2 quality of facilities and coaches
3 level of motivation

Question 10

describe using examples from a named physical activity three characteristics of a skilled performance

Answer 10

physical activity badminton
constant the player is able to execute a dip shot time and time again without hitting the net
accurate the player is able to place the shuttle close to the lines
3 goal directed a smash is used to put the opponent under pressure and win the point

Question 11

the diagram shows the stages of a basic information processing model. explain using an example of a skill in physical activity the role of each stage the model

Answer 11

example of skill shooting in netball
input gs sees the position of the defender team mates and their distance from the goal

decision making the player decides to shoot instead of passing

output the player executes the shoot

feedback the player sees that they were successful and will likely make a similar decision in the future

Question 12

explain the concept of limited channel capacity

Answer 12

this suggest that the performer is only able to process on piece of information at once. too much information may result in overload and poor decision making.

Question 13

explain using an example of each the difference between skill and ability

Answer 13

a skill for example a spike in volleyball is learned and refined through practice. an ability for example is speed when running is larger innate.

Question 14

name the second stage of learning and describe a characteristics of a performer at this stage

Answer 14

Associative stage during this stage performers begin to develop intrinsic feedback they start identifying their own mistakes

Question 15

describe the difference between short term memory and long term memory

Answer 15

the short term memory is only able to short a limited amount of information while the long term memory has a vast capacity. information is only he’d for a short period of time in the short term memory but is held for long periods of time in the long term memory.

Question 16

receiving feedback can reduce the anxiety of a performer explain three other benefits of feedback

Answer 16

feedback can be used to identify strengths and weaknesses in a performance.
it can be used to make adjustments to a training programme to resolve weakness

extrinsic feedback helps the performer to feel supported

Question 17

describe examples of mechanical guidance in two different physical actvities

Answer 17

physical activity 1 swimming
ex using a floatation aid to develop kicking action.

physical activity 2 rock climbing

ex using ropes or harness to secure performers to the wall reducing anxiety when learning

Question 18

identify the first stage and final stage of learning

Answer 18

first stage cognitive stage
final stage autonomous stage

Question 19

suggest how the way a coach gives feedback may differ between performers first stage of learning and performers in the final stage of learning

Answer 19

feedback for cognitive learners first stage should be positive given in small chunks and using simple language and its likely to focus on basic skills.

for autonomous learners final stage some negative feedback may be used feedback may be longer and more detailed using technical language and its likely to focus on complex skills or tactics

Question 20

state how intrinsic feedback benefits a performer in the final stage of learning

Answer 20

a performer will be able to identify when a skill has been performed incorrectly and make adjustments immediately

Question 21

the photograph shows a table tennis player. describe how each of the following stages of information processing affect the movements made by the player

Answer 21

input the player receives information ex the position of the opponent.

decision making : based on this information the player will decide where to place their shot

feedback the player receives information about the outcome. if successful they may be more likely to make the same decision in the future.

Question 22

explain the concept of the single channel hypothesis and how it might affect the table tennis player

Answer 22

when receiving stimuli the performer can only deal with one stimulis at time. this could result in mistakes or slower decision making

Question 23

describe two differences between short term memory and long term memory

Answer 23

short term memory only holds a limited amount of information while the long term memory has a limitless capacity. information is lost from the short term memory if not. practiced but its retained in long term memory.

Question 24

describe from a named physical activity examples of each of the following characteristics of a skilled performance

Answer 24

physical activity basketball

fluent the player is able to perform a lay up in a single flowing movement without hesitation

consistent the player is able to score the majority of their free throw attempts.

accurate the player is able to shoot with precision from behind the 3 point line

Question 25

describe an example of an open skill and an example of a closed skill in a named physical activity

Answer 25

physical activity rugby
open skill passing in open play

closed skill taking a penalty kick

Question 26

the photograph shows a swimming stroke which can be classified as closed skill. Explain why this skill can be classified as a closed skill on the open close continuum

Answer 26

the technique is performed repeatedly and in the same way each time. the swimmer is unaffected by their opponents as each swimmer is confined to a lane.

Question 27

classify the skill on two other named continuum justify each of your answers

Answer 27

continuum 1 fine gross
Classification gross
justification major muscle groups are used to produce large powerful movements