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AS Mathematics- Statistics And Mechanica > Chapter 8- Modelling In mechanics > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Modelling In mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Particle

A

Dimensions of the object are negligible

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2
Q

Particle model assumptions

A

Mass of the object is concentrated at one point

Rotational forces and air resistance can be ignored

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3
Q

Rod

A

All dimensions but one are negligible, like a pole or a beam

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4
Q

Rod model assumptions

A

Mass is concentrated along a line
No thickness
Rigid (does not bend or buckle)

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5
Q

Lamina

A

Object with area but negligible thickness, like a sheet of paper

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6
Q

Lamina model assumptions

A

Mass is distributed across a flat surface

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7
Q

Uniform body

A

Mass is distributed evenly

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8
Q

Uniform body model assumptions

A

Mass of the object is concentrated at a single point at the geometrical centre of the body- the centre of mass

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9
Q

Light object

A

Mass of the object is small compared to other masses, like a string or a pulley

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10
Q

Light object model assumptions

A

Treat object as having zero mass

Tension is the same at both ends of a light string

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11
Q

Inextensible string

A

A string that does not stretch under load

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12
Q

Inextensible string model assumptions

A

Acceleration is the same in objects connected by a taut (tight) inextensible string

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13
Q

Smooth surface model assumptions

A

Assume that there is no friction between the surface and any object on it

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14
Q

Rough surface

A

When it is not smooth

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15
Q

Rough surface model assumptions

A

Objects in contact with the surface experience a frictional force if they are moving or are acted by a force

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16
Q

Wire

A

Rigid thin length of metal

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17
Q

Wire

A

Treated as one-dimensional

18
Q

Smooth and light pulley

A

All pulleys you consider will be smooth and light

19
Q

Smooth and light pulley model assumptions

A

Pulley has no mass

Tension is the same on either side of the pulley

20
Q

Bead

A

Particle with a hole in it for threading on a wire or string.

21
Q

Bead model assumptions

A

Moves freely along a wire or string

Tension is the same on either side of the bead

22
Q

Peg

A

A support from which a body can be suspended or rested.

23
Q

Peg model assumptions

A

Dimensionless and fixed

Can be rough or smooth as specified in the question

24
Q

Air resistance

A

Resistance experienced as an object moves through the air.

25
Q

Air resistance model assumptions

A

Usually modelled as being negligible

26
Q

Gravity

A

Force of attraction between all objects. Acceleration due to gravity is denoted as g.

27
Q

Gravity model assumptions

A

All objects with mass are attracted towards Earth
Earth’s gravity is uniform and acts vertically downwards
g is constant and is taken as 9.8m/s^2

28
Q

Normal reaction

A

This the force that acts perpendicular to a surface when an object is in contact with the surface.

29
Q

Friction

A

Force which opposes the motion between two rough surfaces

30
Q

Tension

A

The force acting on the object which is being pulled by a string is known as the tension (in the string).

31
Q

Thrust or compression

A

When an object is pushed by a light rod, the force acting on it is known as to the thrust r compression in the rod

32
Q

Buoyancy

A

Upward force on a body that allows it to float or rise when submerged in liquid

33
Q

Air resistance (force diagram)

A

Opposes motion.

34
Q

Displacement definition

A

Position relative to where you started from

Unit: metres

35
Q

Velocity definition

A

Rate of change of displacement

Unit: ms^-1

36
Q

Acceleration definition

A

Rate of change of velocity

Units: ms^-2

37
Q

Force/weight definition

A

Described by magnitude, direction and point of application

Units: Newton (N)

38
Q

Distance definition

A

Measure of length

Units: metres

39
Q

Speed definition

A

Measure of how quickly a body moves

Units: m/s

40
Q

Time definition

A

Measure of ongoing events taking place

Units: seconds

41
Q

Mass definition

A

Measure of the quantity of matter contained in an object

Unit: kg

AS Mathematics- Statistics And Mechanica (1 decks)

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