Chapter 8: Mitosis Flashcards
For every 200 chromosomes . . .
DNA duplex is cooked around a core of 8 histone proteins called a nucleosome.
—> Further coiled into solenoid
G1 Phase
- Primary growth phase
- major portion of cell life
S phase
- DNA Synthesis
- DNA replication (creates 2 copies of each chromosome)
G2 Phase
- Final preparations for cell division
- Replicates mitochondria
- Chromosomes condense
- Synthesis of Microtubules
Prophase
- Replicated chromosomes condense further
- nucleolus disappears & the cell dismantles the nuclear envelope
- Assembles apparatus to pull sister chromatids to opposite side of the cell
- Spindle fibers—network of protein cables—are formed
Metaphase
- Sister chromatids align in the middle of the cell
- Spindle fibers attack to the kinetochores of centromeres
Anaphase
- Sister chromatids are split and pulled to opposite ends of cell
- Each pole has 1 set of chromosomes
Telophase
- Disassembles Mitotic Spindle
- Nucleolus reappears
Cytokinesis
- Initial pinching of nucleus for division
- Signals end of division
Mitosis
Mechanism of cell division that occurs in an organism’s non-reproductive cells, or somatic cells
Homologous Chromosomes (Mitosis)
Two chromosomes in a pair
Haploid Cells
Two of each type of chromosome
Sister Chromatids
Two identical copies of a chromosome formed by DNA replication
Centromere
Linkage site in the center of homologous chromosomes
Human chromosomes . . .
Can be paired as homologous chromosomes by size, shape, location of centromere, and so on.
What are chromosomes composed of?
Chromatin (DNA & Protein)