Chapter 8 Memory

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

Learning that persists over time/Information that has been acquired stored and can be retrieved
Happens via - Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval

Question 2

Recall

Answer 2

Memory that requires retrieval of previously learned information (e.g. a fill in the blank test)

Question 3

Recognition

Answer 3

Memory that requires recognizing something previously learned (e.g. a multiple choice test)

Question 4

Relearning

Answer 4

Memory that is assessed by how much time is saved when learning information a second time

Question 5

Encoding

Answer 5

Getting information into memory system

Question 6

Storage

Answer 6

Retaining information that was encoded in memory

Question 7

Retrieval

Answer 7

Accessing stored memory information

Question 8

Parallel Processing

Answer 8

Processing multiple aspects of a problem at the same time

Question 9

Sensory Memory

Answer 9

Brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

Question 10

Short-Term Memory

Answer 10

Memory that hold few items briefly before forgetting (e.g. phone number right before calling)

Question 11

Long-Term Memory

Answer 11

Permanent storehouse of memory system

Question 12

Working Memory

Answer 12

New and improved short-term memory, adds active processing of sensory information mixed with information from long-term memory

Question 13

Explicit Memory

Answer 13

Retention of facts and experiences on a conscious level

Question 14

Effortful Processing

Answer 14

Encoding that requires conscious effort

Question 15

Automatic Processing

Answer 15

Unconscious processing of incidental information

Question 16

Implicit Memory

Answer 16

Retention of learned skills independent of conscious recollection

Question 17

Iconic Memory

Answer 17

A fleeting visual memory lasting only a few seconds

Question 18

Echoic Memory

Answer 18

A fleeting auditory memory lasting only a few seconds

Question 19

Chunking

Answer 19

Organizing information into familiar manageable units

Question 20

Mnemonics

Answer 20

Memory aids (using imagery and organization)

Question 21

Spacing Effect

Answer 21

Distributing study or practice over time results in better long term retention

Question 22

Testing Effect

Answer 22

Enhanced memory from testing, being forced to retrieve the information rather than just re-reading

Question 23

Shallow Processing

Answer 23

Encoding on a basic level (structure/appearance of words)

Question 24

Deep Processing

Answer 24

Encoding semantically (Based on the meaning of words)(Yields better results)

Question 25

Semantic Memory

Answer 25

Memory of facts or general knowledge (Conscious Memory)

Question 26

Episodic Memory

Answer 26

Memory of personally experienced events (Conscious Memory)

Question 27

Hippocampus

Answer 27

Neural Center in Limbic System/Helps process conscious memories for storage

Question 28

Memory Consolidation

Answer 28

Neural Storage of Long-Term memory

Question 29

Flashbulb Memory

Answer 29

Clear memory of emotionally significant moment (e.g. 9/11)

Question 30

Long-Term Potential (LTP)

Answer 30

Increase in a cell’s firing potential after brief rapid stimulation, the neural basis for learning/memory

Question 31

Priming

Answer 31

Activation of association in memory (often unconsciously)

Question 32

Encoding Specificity Principle

Answer 32

Memories are context dependent, same context as when memory formed helps us recall it

Question 33

Mood-Congruent Memory

Answer 33

We recall things that are consistent with our current mood

Question 34

Serial Position Effect

Answer 34

We remember best the last and first items on a list

Question 35

Anterograde Amnesia

Answer 35

Inability to form new memories

Question 36

Retrograde Amnesia

Answer 36

Inability to retrieve information from ones past

Question 37

Proactive Interference

Answer 37

Prior learning disrupts recall of new information (old passcode to new passcode)

Question 38

Retroactive Interference

Answer 38

New learning disrupts recall of old information

Question 39

Repression

Answer 39

Burying anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories

Question 40

Reconsolidation

Answer 40

Retrieved memories are potentially altered before being stored again

Question 41

Misinformation Effect

Answer 41

Misleading information corrupts a memory of an event

Question 42

Source Amnesia

Answer 42

Inaccurate memory for how/when/where information was learned or imagined

Question 43

Deja Vu

Answer 43

Sense that one has experienced this before (current cues may trigger unconscious retrieval of earlier experience)