chapter 8, material properties

Question 1

what is a proton?

Answer 1

the positively charged sub-atomic particle of the nucleus

Question 2

what is a neutron?

Answer 2

the sub-atomic particle of the nucleus with no charge

Question 3

what is an electron?

Answer 3

the negatively charged sub-atomic particles that whizz around the nucleus. (In shells/orbits)

Question 4

explain the gold foil experiment

Answer 4

the gold foil experiment is an experiment Ernest Rutherfird conducted where he would launch positively charged particles at gold foil. The ones that pass through it withput changing direction had went through the empty space between the nucleus amd electrons. The particles that slightly change directions had hit electrons. (Negative charge). The ones that bounced back had hit the nucleus. (Postively charged: they repel)

Question 5

how did john thompson find out atoms have negatively charged electrons?

Answer 5

he did an experiment where he passed catbodr rays between 2 electrically charged pieces of metal. The rays bent towards the postively charged metal. (Negative gets attracted to positive.)

Question 6

define electronic sturcture

Answer 6

nunber of electrons in an atomes shells. Eg: 2,8,8

Question 7

What is proton number

Answer 7

the number of protons in an atoms nucleus

Question 8

what is an isotope?

Answer 8

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Question 9

what are the group 1 elements?

Answer 9

lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium

Question 10

what are the group 2 elements?

Answer 10

beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium

Question 11

what are the group 7 elements?

Answer 11

fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine

Question 12

what are the trends of the group 1 elements?

Answer 12

conduct electricity, shiny when freshly cut, boiling points decrease from top to bottom, density and melting points increase going down the group, reaction with water gets more vigorous as you go down, they have 1 shell in the outer most shell

Question 13

what are the group 2 elements trends?

Answer 13

the reactions with water get more vigorous as you go down, melting points increase going down, 2 electrons in the outer most shell

Question 14

what are the group 7 trends?

Answer 14

melting point, boiling point, and the size of atoms gets bigger as you go down the group, reactions get less vigorous as you go down the group, 7 electrons in the outer most shell