Chapter 8 - Masonry and Ordinary Construction Flashcards
Bricks are produced from a variety of locally available _______ and ________.
clays and shales
p 234
The hardness of brick is dependent on the _______ used in its composition.
soil
p 234
The bricks are fired in a kiln during which they are subjected to temperatures as high as _______ * F. This intense heat converts them to a __________ material. The firing process takes _____ to _____ hours.
2,400 / ceramic / 40 to 150 hours
p 235
A typical brick size is _____x_____x_____.
3 5/8 X 7 5/8 X 2 1/4
p 235
- Also known as concrete masonry units (CMU). The most commonly used concrete block is the hollow concrete block.
Concrete block
p 235
Hollow concrete blocks are produced in a number of sizes and shapes, but the most common is the nominal ___x___x___ inch.
8x8x16
p 235
The most common types of stone used in construction are g______, l__________, s____________, s______ and m________.
granite, limestone, sandstone, slate, and marble
p 235
Masonry units have no significant __________ strength. In their structural application they are used to support _____________ loads.
tensile / compressive
p 236
A relatively small chunk of a brick wall having a thickness of 8 inches and measuring 4x4 feet would have a weight of approximately _______ pounds.
1267
p 236
The primary function of _________ is to bond the individual masonry units into a solid mass.
mortar
p 236
- Cement like liquid material that hardens and bonds individual masonry units to a solid mass.
Mortar
p 236
Mortar is available in five basic types with strengths varying from as low as ____ psi to as high as _______ psi.
75 / 2500
p 236
- Most commonly used cement consisting chiefly of calcium and aluminum silicates. It is mixed with water to form a paste that hardens and is, therefore known as a hydraulic cement.
Portland Cement
p 237
- Wall that supports itself and the weight of the roof and/or other internal structural framing components such as the floor beams above it.
Bearing wall
p 237
In modern practice, the most commonly encountered load bearing masonry walls are constructed from ________, __________ block, or combination of ________ and ________.
brick / concrete / brick and block
p 237-238
When used as a supporting wall, the thickness of masonry walls varies from a minimum of ____ inches to several ______.
6 / feet
p 238
By using reinforced masonry, it is possible to construct load-bearing masonry walls to a height of ten stories or more having a wall thickness of only _____ inches.
12
p 239
When a masonry wall is constructed, the masonry units are laid side by side in a horizontal layer know as a _________.
course
p 239
The horizontal courses of brick are laid on top of each other in a vertical layer known as a _________.
wythe
p 239
- Course of bricks with the ends of the bricks facing outward.
Header course
p 240
Parallel wythes of brick can be bonded using a header course every ________ course.
sixth
p 240
Support of the masonry over an opening is accomplished by the use of a ________, an ______ or ___________.
lintel, an arch or corbelling
p 241
- Support for masonry over an opening; usually made of steel angles or other rolled shapes singularly or in combination.
Lintel
p 241
It is assumed that a lintel is required to support only the weight of a _____________ section.
triangular
p 241
However, if the height of the wall above the opening is shorter than the height of the triangular section, it is assumed that the lintel must support the ________ _________ of the masonry above the opening.
entire weight
p 242
- Portion of the exterior walls of a building that extends above the roof. A low wall at the edge of a roof.
Parapet
p 243
In traditional masonry construction the masonry walls support ________ ________ and _______ _________.
wood floor and roof joists
p 244
- Angled cut made at the end of a wood joist or wood beam that rests in a masonry wall to allow the beam to fall away freely from the wall in case of failure of the beam. This helps prevent the beam acting as a lever to push against the masonry.
Fire cut
p 245
When a beam transmits a large vertical load to a masonry wall, the wall may be increased in thickness at the point of support with a ___________ to reduce the compressive stresses in the masonry.
pilaster
p 245
Buildings of ordinary construction, such as those with masonry exterior walls and wood jointed interior framing are classified as ______ _____ construction in the building codes.
Type III
p 246
The fire resistance of a masonry wall depends on the type of __________ units used and the ____________ of the wall.
masonry / thickness
p 246
A massive masonry wall, _____ inches or more in thickness will have an inherently high degree of fire resistance.
18
p 246
One way to stabilize a masonry structure is through the use of _______ _____ ______ extended through the masonry walls, parallel to the joists and attached to bearing plates or structural washers on the outside.
steel tie rods
p 248
Masonry walls usually collapse as a result of the collapse of the ?
interior wood framing
p 249
Firefighters should always assume that if a wall collapses it will fall out from the building a distance at least equal to the ?
height of the wall
p 249
- (1) Flat horizontal or vertical board located at the outer face of a cornice. (2) Broad flat surface over a store front of below a cornice.
Fascia
p 250
_______ construction is a type of masonry construction in which the exterior bearing walls are constructed of brick and the interior structural framing is of solid or laminated wood.
Mill
p 250
Mill construction is also commonly known as _________ ___________ construction; however it should not be confused with the heavy timber wood frame construction.
heavy-timber
p 250
In building codes mill construction is classified as ______ _____ construction.
Type IV
p 250
There are two characteristics that distinguish mill construction from Type III masonry construction. They are the _____________ of the wood structural members and the fact that combustible concealed spaces are not ______________.
dimensions / permitted
p 250
The wood structural members used in mill construction have ___________ minimum dimensions than those permitted in Type III construction.
larger
p 250
Collapse Zone Building Construction
1 and 1/2 times the height of the building
