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Chapter 8 LearningCurve > Chapter 8 Learning Curve > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Learning Curve Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the Queen Mother of the West during the Tang dynasty?

A

Daoist deity worshipped throughout China

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2
Q

What happened in the mid-700s C.E. that gave Confucian opponents of Buddhism the upper hand?

A

An Lushan led a serious rebellion against the Tang dynasty.

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3
Q

Buddhism heavily influenced the development of which of these technologies?

A

Printing

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4
Q

Which period of Chinese history saw a great love for the “western barbarians,” including the adoption of new religions, fashions, and art?

A

Tang Dynasty

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5
Q

Which tradition of Buddhism predominated in China?

A

Mahayana

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6
Q

Japan’s deep borrowing from China occurred

A

voluntarily

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7
Q

Which of the following statements is true of Vietnamese rulers after the region secured its independence from China?

A

They claimed the Mandate of Heaven.

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8
Q

When did Chinese papermaking techniques developed during the Han dynasty arrive in Christian Western Europe?

A

1300s C.E.

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9
Q

Murasaki Shikibu’s great novel of c. 1000 C.E., which describes Japanese court life, is called

A

The Tale of Genji

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10
Q

Which of the following was a feature of the tribute system during the Song dynasty in China?

A

Tributary ambassadors frequently returned home with gifts worth more than the tribute paid to the Chinese authorities.

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11
Q

This branch of Buddhism, which became very popular in China, emphasizes salvation by faith without study or intensive meditation.

A

Pure Land

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12
Q

Which of the following statements best describes relations between China and Korea in the period 500-1300 C.E.?

A

At first the Chinese attempted conquest, but soon withdrew their military forces in favor of a tributary relationship with an independent Korea.

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13
Q

What is the most important factor that caused Japanese women to begin to lose status in the twelfth century and later?

A

The rise of samurai culture emphasized warrior virtues and relationships between warriors and their lords.

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14
Q

Which of the following factors made China the most commercialized economy in the world during the Tang and Song dynasties?

A

Growing use of paper money

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15
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between China and the northern nomads in the period 500-1300?

A

Each society needed the products of the other.

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16
Q

The Silla kingdom brought political unity for the first time to which country in the seventh century C.E.?

A

Korea

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17
Q

Which of the following was an important Chinese invention during the Tang and Song dynasties?

A

Gun powder

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18
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the impact that Chinese culture had on Korean women after 1300 C.E.?

A

It had an overwhelmingly negative impact on women.

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19
Q

What happened to Buddhism at the local level in China following its persecution by imperial authorities in the ninth century C.E.?

A

The Buddha became one element among many in local Chinese devotions.

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20
Q

Which of the following statements is true of the steppe nomads during the Tang and Song dynasties?

A

They were generally not interested in actually conquering and ruling China.

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21
Q

What impact did the Indian Ocean trade have on southern China?

A

The economy of southern China became more heavily based on producing goods for export.

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22
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the Japanese belief system later known as Shinto?

A

Popular beliefs and practice focused on sacred spirits associated with human ancestors and natural phenomena

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23
Q

Which of the following distinguished Vietnam’s encounter with China from Korea’s?

A

Vietnam was fully incorporated into the Chinese state for more than a thousand years.

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24
Q

Which of following distinguished Vietnam’s encounter with China from Korea’s?

A

Vietnam was fully incorporated into the Chinese state for more than a thousand years.

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25
Q

Despite the state’s periodic efforts, what trend in agricultural production continued during the Tang and Song dynasties?

A

Powerful aristocratic families continued to take over the small holdings of peasants.

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26
Q

What caused the Chinese to develop the frontier region south of the Yangzi River?

A

A new, drought-resistant strain of rice from Vietnam was introduced in China.

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27
Q

Which Chinese general of foreign origin led a major revolt against the Tang dynasty between 755 and 763 C.E.?

A

An Lushan

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28
Q

What allowed the population of the Yangzi River region to grow rapidly and overtake the traditional centers of Chinese civilization further north?

A

Arrival of new strains of drought-resistant rice from Vietnam

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29
Q

Which of the following countries produced the world’s first printed books?

A

China

30
Q

What is the significance of the Uighur people in Chinese history?

A

They were nomadic peoples who rescued the Tang dynasty from serious internal revolt in the 750s C.E.

31
Q

Which of the following statements best describes merchants in southern China under the Tang and Song dynasties?

A

They achieved a degree of social acceptance not known before.

32
Q

Which of the following statements best describes Buddhist monasteries in China?

A

They provided an array of social services to ordinary people.

33
Q

What was a long-term impact of the Chinese commercial revolution on people in other parts of the Indian Ocean world?

A

It impacted on how many earned their livings.

34
Q

Which of the following was a factor in fueling growing resentment of Buddhism among some in China?

A

Belief that the Buddhist establishment posed a potential threat to the imperial government

35
Q

Which of the following best describes the Chinese tribute system in practice with the steppe nomads?

A

The Chinese were not always able to dictate the terms of their relationship with the steppe nomads through the tribute system.

36
Q

What is the significance of the Jin or Jurchen peoples?

A

They were nomadic peoples who established a state that included much of the steppes as well as parts of northern China.

37
Q

How did Vietnam’s use of the civil service exam system differ from Korea’s?

A

More so than Korea, Vietnam’s exam system created a merit-based scholar-gentry class.

38
Q

What positive development for women occurred during the Song dynasty?

A

Women secured greater property rights.

39
Q

What reason do scholars give for Europe driving the gunpowder revolution much further and faster than China where gunpowder was invented?

A

The highly competitive European state system drove the revolution.

40
Q

What was the Censorate in Tang and Song dynasty China?

A

Government agency that exercised surveillance over the rest of government

41
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the Chinese conception of time before the arrival of Buddhism?

A

In China, time was usually thought of in terms of finite family generations and dynastic cycles.

42
Q

What critical development bound the kingdom of China more closely together than ever before during the Tang and Song China?

A

Network of internal waterways

43
Q

Which dynasty reunified China in 589 C.E. after centuries of political fragmentation?

A

Sui

44
Q

Which of the following was a complaint leveled by southern Chinese against their northern counterparts’ nomadic traditions around 800 C.E.?

A

The northerners drank yogurt rather than tea.

45
Q

Which of the following was a factor in fueling growing resentment of Buddhism among some in China?

A

Envy of the monks’ enormous wealth

46
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the Chinese concept of the “middle kingdom” in Song dynasty China?

A

China was the center of the world and infinitely superior to the barbarian peoples beyond its borders.

47
Q

What reason do scholars give for Europe driving the gunpowder revolution much further and faster than China where gunpowder was invented?

A

The highly competitive European state system drove the revolution.

48
Q

What did China hope to gain by establishing the tribute system with its neighbors?

A

Recognition in the region that China was the preeminent political power

49
Q

Which of the following was an important distinguishing feature of Korean as compared to Chinese society around 1100 C.E.?

A

About one-third of Korean society was made up of slaves.

50
Q

Which statement best describes the economy of Tang and Song China?

A

The Chinese economy was the world’s largest.

51
Q

In which century did the imperial government move to suppress Buddhism in China?

A

800s C.E.

52
Q

Which of the following factors made China the most commercialized economy in the world during the Tang and Song dynasties?

A

Growing use of paper money

53
Q

In which cultural area did Chinese influence in Korea extend beyond the elite to the main populace?

A

Buddhism

54
Q

Which of the following statements best describes Chinese influence on the peoples of the steppes?

A

The steppe peoples kept their own culture.

55
Q

Which of the following was an important factor that allowed Buddhism to take root in China after 200 C.E.?

A

Political disorder discredited Confucian thinking in China.

56
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the Tang and Song civil service examination system on established aristocratic families?

A

A substantial percentage of positions still went to the sons of aristocrats.

57
Q

Which is the correct definition of “Xiongnu”?

A

Early nomadic confederacy that was a serious threat to China

58
Q

Who did the Silla ally with to bring some political unity for the first time to the Korean peninsula in the seventh century C.E.?

A

Tang dynasty China

59
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the reception of Buddhism in China during the Han dynasty?

A

It held little appeal to native Chinese and remained largely confined to outsiders.

60
Q

In comparison to the Song dynasty, Tang dynasty women in northern China led

A

less restricted lives.

61
Q

About how many Buddhist monks and nuns in China were forced to return to normal life in the 840s C.E. as a consequence of imperial orders?

A

More than 250,000

62
Q

What is an important difference between the religious history of Europe and China?

A

In China Buddhism became assimilated into Chinese culture alongside other traditions, in Europe Christianity triumphed over all other traditions.

63
Q

What act by the Sui emperor Wendi (r. 581-604 C.E.) identified Buddhism with traditional Chinese culture?

A

He had Buddhist monasteries built at the base of China’s five sacred mountains.

64
Q

Which of the following placed Buddhist beliefs at odds with Chinese understandings of the world?

A

Buddhism’s concern for individual salvation or enlightenment

65
Q

Which of the following statements best describes women in Song China?

A

Patriarchal restrictions on women tightened in this period.

66
Q

What was the only large-scale cultural borrowing in Chinese history before Marxism in the twentieth century?

A

Buddhism

67
Q

What did the founders of both the Sui and Tang dynasties share?

A

Both were from mixed nomads and Chinese ancestry.

68
Q

How did the educated elite in China view trade with the rest of the world during the Song dynasty?

A

China did not require trade, but rather sanctioned it to radiate civilization to barbarian peoples.

69
Q

How did the Chinese tribute system work?

A

Chinese emperors demanded ritual submission from foreigners, in return granting trade privileges and gifts that were frequently worth more than the foreigners paid in tribute.

70
Q

In China, how was the Indian concept of dharma translated?

A

Dao

Chapter 8 LearningCurve (1 decks)

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