Chapter 8 - Interviewing Techniques Flashcards
Alejurt and Brij
Showed reciprocal nature of interviewing by observing criminals
- if one participant increased activity, other participant increased
- reduction in activity triggered reduction in activity of other person
- increased activity = increased suspiciousness
- –vicious cycle
Social Facilitation
We act like models around us
- interview participants also affect each other’s moods
- Heller found when professional actors responded with anger to highly trained interviewers, interviewers became angry
Interpersonal influence
Degree to which one person can influence another
-related to interpersonal attraction (degree people share feeling of understanding)
Interpersonal attraction
Degree to which people share feeling of understanding
-related to interpersonal influence
Saccuzzo
Studied initial interviews of first year clinical psychology graduate students
- patients/therapists given questionnaire
- had to rate quality of interview and indicate topics, concerns, problems and feelings of patients
- MOST important factor in patients evaluation was their perception of interviewers feelings and
- session got good evaluation from both parties when interviewer was seen as warm, open, concerned, involved, committed, regardless of subject/severity
Stress interview
Interview may deliberately induce discomfort
-confrontation to point out discrepancy
Confrontation
Interviewer points out discrepancy or inconsistency in something person says/does
-Carkhuff distinguished 3 types of discrepancies
Carkhuff
Guy distinguished three kinds of discrepancies that an interviewer may notice in a subject and should point them out
DISCREPANCY BETWEEN…
- What person is and what they want to become
- What person says about himself and what he does
- Person perception of himself and interviewers experience of person
-can induce anxiety by bribing these inconsistencies into persons awareness
When should DIRECT questioning be used
When
- Data can be obtained in no other way
- Time is limited and interviewer needs specific info
- Person won’t cooperate with interviewer
Carol Rogers
Attempted to measure understanding/empathy with research into effects of client-centred therapy
- made 5 point scoring system
- lowest levels one and two
- -no place in professional interview
- level 3 shows various degrees of empathy and may be used in all types of unstructured interviews
- levels 4 and 5 best fir therapeutic interviews
Level One Responses
Little or no relationship to persons response
-people talking to themselves only
Level Two Response
- superficial awareness of statement meaning
- however does not go beyond his own limited perspective
- impede flow of conversation
- conversation related, but only superficially
Level Three Responses
- interchangeable with interviewees statement
- minimum level of response that can help interview
- ex paraphrasing, clarification, restatements
Level Four and Five Responses
- provide accurate empathy but also go beyond statement given
- level four: interviewer adds noticeably to response
- level five: interviewer adds significantly
- recommended beginning interviewers learn to respond at level THREE first
Case History Interview
- includes chronology of major life events, work, medical, and family history
- examine entire life from infancy or point st which given type of history is first relevant
- should uncover info pertaining to religion, marital, hobbies, education, habits, medical
- lifestyle info like smoking, alcohol, exercise, current stressors
- can be presented on computer
- highly structured, but flexibility through branching of questions
- however coms can’t respond to facial expressions
Mental Status Examination
Used to diagnose psychosis, brain damage, etc
- areas covered include persons appearance, attitude, behaviour
- interviewer must be alter to emotions
- –is there one dominant emotion or absence of emotion or inappropriate?
- thought processes evaluated
- intelligence evaluated by speed and accuracy of thinking, richness of thought, memory
- important is assessment of schizophrenia: loss of contact with reality
- are there unusual thought, unrealistic ideas they’re preoccupied with
- also important is ability to direct attention
- is person distracted, can they stick to task
Developing Interviewing Skills
Step 1. Become familiar with research and theory on interview in order to understand principles and variables
Step 2. Supervised practice
Step 3. Make effort to apply principles like guidelines for keeping interaction flowing (involves constant self evaluation)
People eventually respond by habit
Experienced interviewers automatically respond to nonverbal shit
Halo effect
Thorndike term for tendency of interviewers
When they form a first impression within minute, they spend rest of interview trying to confirm that impression
General Standoutishness
Hollingwoods term for the tendency of people to judge an entire person on the basis of one outstanding characteristic
Three Goals of Structured Interviews
- Interviewers must be motivated to form accurate impression
- Interviewer must focus more attention on interviewee in order to notice, remember, use individuating info that is not consistent with initial perceptions
- Interviewers must focus on info that is predictive of job performance
