chapter 8 interviewing

Question 1

interview definition

Answer 1

“a face-to-face verbal interchange in which
one person, the interviewer, attempts to elicit information or expressions of opin-ion or belief from another person or persons”

Question 2

CMC interviewing

Answer 2

e.g. emails. no direct access to informant. computer mediated communications

Question 3

3 types of interviews

Answer 3

structured
unstructured
semi-structured

Question 4

strengths of interviewing

Answer 4

1. fill knowledge gap
2. investigate complex behaviors and motivations
3. collect diversity of meanings within a group
4. empower people

Question 5

interview guide/aide memoire

Answer 5

reminder of what you want to ask
list of general issues
based on literature
questions can be crafted in situ

Question 6

interview schedule

Answer 6

recommended if not experienced

questions can sound out of place though

Question 7

prompts

Answer 7

should have two prompts per central question

Question 8

key informant

Answer 8

key person who know about the culture you are interviewing.

Question 9

steps to make contact for interview

Answer 9

1. introduce yourself
2. how did you get contact details
3. why you want interview
4. how long it will take

Question 10

letter of introdcution

Answer 10

formal letter once informant has agreed for interview. tells about goals, funding of research

Question 11

critical inner dialogue

Answer 11

constantly analyse what is being said during interview . do you understand what informant is saying

Question 12

reflective vs. non answering

Answer 12

important difference in interviews. do not fill silence or finish sentence.

Question 13

closing interview steps

Answer 13

express gratitude

use verbal and non verbal cues for closing interview

Question 14

verbal cues

Answer 14

1. want to add something?
2. summarise interview - do you agree these are the points?
3. go to chit chat again like the warm up at the beginning

Question 15

non-verbal interview closing cues

Answer 15

1. check watch
2. close pen cap
3. close notebook

Question 16

note taking disadvantages

Answer 16

1. miss important parts
2. difficult for keeping up rapport
3. doesn’t seem engaged
4. not literal transcript

Question 17

note taking advantages

Answer 17

1. can complement recording e.g. as back up if recording fails
2. voice not recognizable if anonymity is very important
3. may seem less formal than audio recording device

Question 18

transcription important points

Answer 18

1. name of interviewer and informant at the top
2. should be on same day
3. counter numbers on paragraphs for cross referencing
4. number of interview, date, location, duration of interview

Question 19

analytical log:

Answer 19

what interview has found in relation to theory

Question 20

manifest content analysis

Answer 20

visible analysis of interview content. tallying times things were said

Question 21

latent content analysis

Answer 21

searching document for themes and underlying messages. form of coding

Question 22

coding

Answer 22

used to sort and retrieve data. Coding can reveal the general sentiment about an issue

Question 23

positioned subjectivity:

Answer 23

not sure what it is

Question 24

CMC advantages

Answer 24

1. expanded sample
2. reduced interviewer effects
3. convenient
4. reflective responses
5. cost saving
6. accommodates different time schedules
7. visual anonymity
8. informant chooses when and where to answer
9. no transcription errors

Question 25

interviewer effect

Answer 25

who you are influences interview. e.g. as a woman people may react differently as they would to a man

Question 26

disadvantages CMC interviews

Answer 26

1. no visual cues
2. authenticity concerns
3. have to read between lines
4. no paralinguistic cues
5. less rapport with informant
6. requires a lot of time
7. need to be literate

Question 27

paralinguistic cues:

Answer 27

intonations, distress signals in tone, etc.

Question 28

primary vs secondary questions

Answer 28

primary: opening questions to start discussion
secondary: prompts to engage informant

Question 29

devils advocate propositions

Answer 29

'’some people have said that’‘… detaching oneself as researchers from controversial opinion. preserves rapport

Question 30

how to preserve rapport

Answer 30

matching language

matching speech patterns, speed

Question 31

interview structure types (3)

Answer 31

1. funnel structure - general topic to individual informant experience
2. pyramid structure – start with easy to answer questions, then deeper reflection questions
3. hybrid structure – mix of both