Chapter 8: Hypertrophy Flashcards
Hypertrophy of a chamber of the heart implies an increase in the thickness of the chamber wall, but ____ ________ is always present also.
some dilation
p. 244
Hypertrophy may increase the ______ that the chamber contains.
volume
p. 244
Although the term “atrial hypertrophy” is commonly used, enlargement of an atrium is usually due to ________ of the ______.
The general term ______ ___________ is preferred, since it includes both dilation and hypertrophy.
dilation, atrium
atrial enlargement
(p. 245)
Because lead __ is directly over the atria, the _ ____ in __ is our best source of information about atrial enlargement.
V1, P wave, V1
p. 246
With atrial enlargement, the P wave is usually…
…diphasic.
p. 247
If the initial component of a diphasic P wave in lead V1 is the larger, then this indicates…
…right atrial enlargement.
p. 248
If the height of the P wave in any of the limb leads exceeds ___ __ (even if not diphasic), suspect right atrial enlargement.
- 5 mm
p. 248
If the terminal portion of a diphasic P wave in V1 is large and wide, there is…
This terminal component is usually…
…left atrial enlargement.
…negative
p. 249
Mitral stenosis can cause left atrial enlargement, but…
…systemic hypertension is the most common cause.
p. 249
In lead V1, the QRS complex is mainly ________, and therefore the R wave is usually very _____.
negative, short
p. 250
However, with Right Ventricular Hypertrophy, there is a large _ ____ in V1.
R wave
p. 251
In right ventricular hypertrophy, the S wave in lead V1 is _______ than the R wave.
smaller
p. 251
With right ventricular hypertrophy, the large R wave of V1 gets progressively smaller from __ to __ to __.
In the frontal plane, there will be _____ ____ _________, and in the horizontal plane, there is ________ ________ of the Mean Vector.
V2 to V3 to V4
right axis deviation, rightward rotation
(p. 252)
In left ventricular hypertrophy, even more depolarization is going downward to the patient’s left – away from the positive V1 electrode. Therefore, the S wave is ____ ______ in V1. In general, hypertrophy of the L ventricle produces QRS complexes of increased _________, both in height and depth, especially in the _____ leads.
even deeper
amplitude, chest
(p. 253)
With left ventricular hypertrophy, there is a large _ in V1 and a large _ in V5.
S
R
(p. 254)