Chapter 8: Housing and it's spatial distribution. Flashcards
What are the two types of housing?
What are the characteristics of both these two types of housing?
-Formal and Informal housing
Formal housing:
-Built by government or private developers
-Legal right to occupy land
-Access to basic services
-High-quality building materials
Informal housing:
-Self-built squatter settlements
-No legal right to occupy land
-Lack of access to basic services
What is the definition of housing?
Housing can be _____ or ______
-Housing refers to structures or buildings developed to shelter people from the elements.
-Permanent, temporary
Additional info you should know:
Housing in cities can be classified according to height and density. Housing with more than six storeys and that requires the use of lifts is considered high-rise. High-rise housing is associated with high-density living, accommodating many people in a given area. High-rise, high-density housing is found nearer to the city centre, while low-rise, low-density housing is found towards the fringe of the city.
What do high-rise, high-density housing typically comprise of?
What are some examples of low-rise, low-density housing?
What causes housing shortage?
______ built housing is termed formal housing and is often provided for by ______ or ______. ______ built housing is termed informal housing and is usually built by __________
-apartments, shared facilities such as playgrounds, exercise equipment etc
-detached houses, semi-detached houses, terraces and shophouses
-Cities and urban populations often grow faster than the pace of housing development, resulting in a [housing shortage].
-Legally, government housing programmes, private developers, illegally, individuals who are unable to access formal housing.
What does a legal right to occupy land allow formal housing property owners to do?
Formal Housing (HDB housing)
Informal Housing (Slums)
Ownership (of land):
Formal housing:
-Housing provided by ________
Informal housing:
-Housing built by individuals in an __________
Legal right to occupy land:
Formal housing:
-With legal right to occupy land
-People ________ in houses built by the ______, and their housing is __________
Informal housing:
-Without legal rights to occupy land
-As houses are built on_____________ by residents desperate for _______, residents face constant risk of being ______ as informal housing may be ____________
-The properties may be lived in, sold or leased to others
-government or private developer
-unplanned fashion
-have the right to live, government, maintained and upgraded
-any available or accessible plot of land, shelter, evicted, cleared away by legal owners of land
As urban planners determine the sites of formal housing, basic services are also planned for. What do these services include?
What does the provision of these basic services do?
What are some high-quality building materials?
Why are houses built with these high-quality materials?
-They include easy access to water and electricity and the provision of sanitation services. Infrastructure to support these services is often built together with the housing project. These include underground water pipes, electrical substations, power lines and sewage pipes)
-The provision of these basic services improves the quality of life for residents in these housing developments
-concrete, metal or hard wood
-Houses built using high-quality materials can withstand elements such as heavy rain and strong winds. It can also protect occupants from basic threats such as fires and last for a long time with minimal maintenance.
Informal housing is often constructed using ________ materials such as ______.
What are the dangers of using these inferior materials to build houses?
Why do people who live in informal housing lack access to basic services? What are some of these services?
What do residents do to acquire these basic services?
What are the negative impacts of these behaviours?
-scavenged, lumber
Because informal housing is often constructed using inferior building materials, the houses are at risk of collapsing, being flooded on rainy days or catching fire easily.
-As informal housing is built in areas not meant for housing development, the residents lack access to basic services such as electricity, water and sanitation.
-Some residents resort to illegally tapping onto nearby electrical grids, siphoning water from nearby pipes and disposing their sanitary waste into the ground or nearby rivers.
-These practices increase the risk of injury and ill-health due to electrocution, consumption of contaminated water and waterborne diseases.
Where is formal housing typically found within a city?
Where is informal housing typically found within a city? Why?
The areas in which informal houses are constructed in areas that are often ______ and lack _______.
Why are slums sometimes found near industrial sites?
-It is typically found on desirable land within a city, near greenery and amenities, and away from pollution.
-It is typically found in areas of locally unwanted land-use (usually near landfills, sewage treatment plants and large, polluting industries. Informal housing occurs in these because they are often the only spaces left available.
-neglected, infrastructure development
-The dwellers want to save on travelling time and cost by living near their workplace?
What factors affect the location of housing?
The location of housing is primarily affected by land-use planning, choices made by developers, land prices and the availability of housing financial support
One factor that affects the location of housing is land-use planning, which include _____ drawn up by ________. They typically practise ______ as a planning control tool for ensuring that _______
-guidelines, planning authorities, zoning, the built environment is well developed.
What does zoning do?
Developers:
Private developers are individuals or companies that develop a property for ______.
What is the difference between private developers and public developers?
-Zoning restricts the types of activities and land-use permitted on specific sites. This is done to shape the layout of cities and enable various types of developments.
-Profit
-Private developers tend to pick sites that are most commercially viable, while housing built by governments tend to consider people’’s needs more than profits.
Why are land prices important?
If land prices are high, houses will have to be sold at higher prices, and the people who wish to buy these houses will no longer be able to afford them. Thus it is important that governments regulate land prices to prevent such a situation. Also, if land prices within the city are too high, informal housing is likely to spring up to accommodate the rural-urban migrants or the local urban poor.
Why is housing financial support important?
Housing [financial support] for developers can [lower the cost of building houses] which may encourage developers to consider building more houses and prevent housing shortages. [Financial support schemes are important because they enable developers to sell houses at [affordable prices]. Without these schemes, formal housing may be out of reach for many.
Conversely, places without the provision of housing [finance support schemes] and a lack of formal housing will have [more informal housing settlements]. This is because the [affordability] of housing in such areas would be low.
Chapter glossary/important terms 😰
-Affordability
-Basic services
-Cost
-Desirable land
-Finance schemes
-Formal housing
-Government
-Housing shortage
-Informal housing
-Land-use planning
-Legal right
-Locally unwanted land-use
-Metropolis
-Private developers
-Squatters
-Squatter settlements
-Towns
-Village
