Chapter 8- Grouping

Question 1

What are the 7 grouping cues?

Answer 1

1. Harmonicity/Temporal Regularity/Fundamental frequency
2. Spectral separation
3. Spectral profile
4. Spatial Separation
5. Temporal Separation
6. Temporal Onsets and Offsets
7. Temporal Modulations (AM stronger than FM)

Question 2

Describe the effects of hearing loss on perceptual restoration.

Answer 2

Describe effects of hearing loss on perceptual restoration
Different configurations were presented to NH, mild HI, and moderate HI listeners of speech interrupted with noise
• Rates of speech in noise interference
• Amount of interfering noise
• Percentage of time of speech vs. noise

Results:
• NH were good at phonemic restorations
• HI resulted in worse phonemic restoration than NH
o Noise interrupted hinders speech understanding
o Want to study this because abrupt interrupters occur all the time in real life

Question 3

Describe the effects of aging on perceptual restoration.

Answer 3

Describe the effects of aging on perceptual restoration
Older people show larger perceptual restoration
• Aging process provides many opportunities to practice because hearing is getting worse (acquire compensation strategies)

Question 4

How does the galloping demonstration work?

Answer 4

• Tones alternate in a sequence of A and B tones, at times resulting the perception of two streams in a “galloping rhythm” and at other times the two tones seem isolated
• Streaming example facilitated by:
o Harmonicity: when tones were inharmonic, less inclined to hear galloping and vice versa

Question 5

Why are there a maximum of 37 dimensions to characterize timbre?

Answer 5

of non-overlapping CBWs across the basilar membrane

Question 6

What are the limitations on # of stimuli that can be discriminated?

Answer 6

Generally follows the 7 +/- 2 rule

Question 7

What is a sound source? What is a sound stream?

Answer 7

Source: emits a sound

Stream: comes from the sound, but the sound can change

Question 8

What are the general perceptual organization rules that apply to auditory grouping?

Answer 8

1. Similarity
   - In frequency (pitch), timbre, loudness, location
2. Good continuation
   - Smooth transitions grouped, discontinuities not
   - i.e., changes in frequency (pitch), timbre, loudness, location
3. Common fate
   - Start-end at same time (no asynchronies)
   - Change in coherent way (AM, FM, amplitude or frequency glies, etc.)
4. Disjoint Allocation (“Belongingness”)
   - If a component was used to form one stream, it can’t be used to form another
   - Perceptual organization may be ambiguous
5. Closure (i.e., continuity effect)