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Final Exam > Chapter 8 - Group Influence > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Group Influence Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Two or more people who, for longer than a few moments, interact with and influence one another and perceive one another as “us” are referred by social psychologists as a:

A. clan.
B. crowd.
C. group.
D. mob.

A

C. group.

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2
Q
  1. According to Marvin Shaw, which of the following would most likely constitute a group?

A. six people riding a city bus
B. eight people working individually in a computer room
C. a pair of jogging companions
D. five people waiting for different buses at a bus stop

A

C. a pair of jogging companions

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3
Q
  1. According to Marvin Shaw (1981), which of the following constitutes a group?

A. Caleb, an air steward, serving the passengers in a flight
B. Logan working individually in his school’s computer room
C. Mary and her friends working together on a class project
D. Sophie and 50 other people traveling in a city bus

A

C. Mary and her friends working together on a class project

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4
Q
  1. According to Johnson (2006), which of the following different human needs are met by different groups?

A. to affiliate
B. to surrender
C. to build evaluation apprehension
D. to set group norms

A

A. to affiliate

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5
Q
  1. Shaw (1981) argued that the one thing that all groups have in common is that the members:

A. reside in the same location.
B. belong to the same gender.
C. interact.
D. speak the same language.

A

C. interact.

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6
Q
  1. In a park, a guy you do not know sits near you. His mere presence affects your behavior even though he is doing nothing. In the context of social facilitation, this person is best described as a(n):

A. confederate.
B. co-actor.
C. ingroup member.
D. comrade.

A

B. co-actor.

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7
Q
  1. An example of someone who is involved with co-actors is:

A. a runner in a race.
B. a runner surrounded by others jogging.
C. a person working on a science project.
D. a person involved in planning a party.

A

B. a runner surrounded by others jogging.

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8
Q
  1. Triplett conducted one of social psychology’s first laboratory experiments by asking children to wind string on a fishing reel. The results of the study indicated that the children worked ________ on their fishing reel when co-actors were competing with them in contrast to when they worked alone.

A. faster
B. slower
C. uninterestedly
D. leisurely

A

A. faster

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9
Q
  1. Triplett (1898) conducted one of social psychology’s first laboratory experiments by asking children to wind string on a fishing reel. The results of the study indicated that there was a positive relationship between the speed at which the children wound the reel and the presence of other children. Later studies found the same pattern and dubbed it:

A. the groupthink effect.
B. the social facilitation effect.
C. social loafing.
D. deindividuation.

A

B. the social facilitation effect.

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10
Q
  1. The tendency of people to perform simple or well-learned tasks better when others are present is the original meaning of:

A. the groupthink effect.
B. the social facilitation effect.
C. the false consensus effect.
D. the false uniqueness effect.

A

B. the social facilitation effect.

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11
Q
  1. In its current meaning, ________ refers to the strengthening of dominant responses in the presence of others.

A. the groupthink effect
B. the social facilitation effect
C. informational influence
D. social inhibition

A

B. the social facilitation effect

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12
Q
  1. Consistent with the social facilitation effect, Michaels and his colleagues (1982) found that when good pool players were observed, they did ________ when they did not know they were being observed.

A. much worse than
B. better than
C. the same as
D. slightly worse than

A

B. better than

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13
Q
  1. In the context of social facilitation, social arousal facilitates:

A. sleeper effects.
B. experimental biases.
C. dominant responses.
D. gender stereotypes.

A

C. dominant responses.

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14
Q
  1. According to the social facilitation effect, social psychologists can accurately predict that athletes will perform ________ when energized by the responses of a supportive audience.

A. much worse
B. best
C. slightly worse
D. better at unlearned tasks

A

B. best

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15
Q
  1. If social arousal facilitates dominant responses, it should boost performance on ________.

A. difficult tasks
B. analytical tasks
C. easy tasks
D. new tasks

A

C. easy tasks

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16
Q
  1. Chloe, a 25-year-old woman, tends to eat more food when she dines with her friends than when she eats alone. Which of the following phenomenon explains Chloe’s eating habits?

A. psychological reactance
B. social facilitation
C. autokinetic phenomenon
D. mass hysteria

A

B. social facilitation

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17
Q
  1. The concern for how others are assessing us is called:

A. deindividuation.
B. social ostracism.
C. the self-fulfilling prophecy.
D. evaluation apprehension.

A

D. evaluation apprehension.

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18
Q
  1. Patrick, an aspiring athlete, finishes his race with a better finishing time when he performs in the presence of an audience. He feels that since every member of the audience watches him, he should do his best. However, he takes extra time to finish a run when he practices alone. Which of the following factors is exemplified in this scenario?

A. deindividuation
B. self-serving bias
C. evaluation apprehension
D. social loafing

A

C. evaluation apprehension

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19
Q
  1. Sanders, Baron, and Moore (1978) explained social facilitation by noting that a conflict occurs between paying attention to others and paying attention to the task at hand. They named this explanation:

A. social loafing.
B. social distortion.
C. driven by distraction.
D. deindividuation.

A

C. driven by distraction.

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20
Q
  1. Melissa, a young dancer, becomes aware of her audience when she performs on stage, and she also compares her performance with her co-dancers. This awareness motivates her to perform better on stage than while practicing alone. Identify the factor that contributes to Melissa’s performance on stage.

A. social loafing
B. psychological reactance C. driven by distraction
D. deindividuation

A

C. driven by distraction

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21
Q
  1. The increased number of office buildings with large open spaces rather than private offices is an example of how social facilitation research has:

A. helped confirm the theory.
B. guided new exploration of research topics.
C. suggested practical applications.
D. been misused by industries.

A

C. suggested practical applications.

22
Q
  1. According to social psychologists, which of the following factors creates arousal in people?

A. evaluation apprehension
B. deindividuation
C. groupthink
D. vanity

A

A. evaluation apprehension

23
Q
  1. According to Ingham’s experiments on social loafing, which of the following is true of the collective effort of tug-of-war teams?

A. Group members were more motivated when performing additive tasks than while performing alone.
B. Members pulled harder when they were alone than when they believed people behind them were also pulling.
C. Members pulled harder when they pulled in groups and when there were other members behind them.
D. Members coordinated their efforts well and pulled the rope in the same direction at the same time when they pulled in groups.

A

B. Members pulled harder when they were alone than when they believed

24
Q
  1. ________ refers to the tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable.

A. Social facilitation
B. Social loafing
C. Deindividuation
D. Availability heuristic

A

B. Social loafing

25
Q
  1. Sam has a tendency to contribute little effort to group assignments as he thinks others will be sure to pick up the slack in an effort to get a good grade. Social psychologists would call Sam a:

A. social facilitator.
B. free loafer.
C. free rider.
D. social thinker.

A

C. free rider.

26
Q
  1. In a study by Latané and his colleagues (1979), participants were asked to shout and clap as loud as possible. Participants produced the most noise when they:

A. thought they were shouting alone.
B. thought there was one other person shouting with them.
C. thought there were five other people shouting with them.
D. were not feeling any evaluation apprehension.

A

A. thought they were shouting alone.

27
Q
  1. Caleb, a research student at a university, studies the pattern of solar eclipses along with his friends. However, he does not put much effort into the study and avoids researching for long hours. On the other hand, his friends put a lot of effort in the study, but their performances are not individually identifiable. In this scenario, Caleb most likely exemplifies the role of a ________.

A. logroller
B. forced rider
C. free rider
D. bootlegger

A

C. free rider

28
Q
  1. At your factory job, output was measured at the end of every day by how much the team of workers you belonged to produced. Because of this evaluation procedure, your behavior was most likely to be characterized by ________; now that a new manager has taken over and each individual worker’s output is measured by a computer, your behavior is now most likely to be characterized by ________.

A. deindividuation; groupthink
B. groupthink; deindividuation
C. social loafing; social facilitation
D. social facilitation; social loafing

A

C. social loafing; social facilitation

29
Q
  1. When individual efforts are pooled and not evaluated, evaluation apprehension is ________ and the probability of social loafing is ________.

A. high; low
B. low; high
C. high; high
D. low; low

A

B. low; high

30
Q
  1. Your psychology professor has assigned group projects to your class. She has chosen to individually grade each student’s contribution to the assignment as an attempt to reduce:

A. social facilitation.
B. social loafing.
C. minority influence.
D. group polarization.

A

B. social loafing.

31
Q
  1. In the context of social loafing, when the output of collective farms and private plots were compared:

A. the collective farms were more productive.
B. the private plots were more productive.
C. there was little difference between the two.
D. the output depended on the relationships within the group.

A

B. the private plots were more productive.

32
Q 
32. When being observed increases evaluation concerns, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ occurs; when being lost in a crowd decreases evaluation concerns, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ occurs. 
A. deindividuation; groupthink 
B. groupthink; deindividuation 
C. social loafing; social facilitation 
D. social facilitation; social loafing
A

D. social facilitation; social loafing

33
Q
  1. People in groups will loaf less when the:

A. task is challenging or appealing.
B. task is not involving.
C. group members hardly know each other.
D. task is not rewarded.

A

A. task is challenging or appealing.

34
Q
  1. People in ________ cultures exhibit less social loafing than people in ________ cultures.

A. independent; narcissistic
B. narcissistic; independent
C. collectivistic; individualistic
D. individualistic; collectivistic

A

C. collectivistic; individualistic

35
Q
  1. People are more likely to exhibit social loafing if:

A. they find the task to be challenging.
B. rewards are divided according to individual effort.
C. rewards are divided equally regardless of individual effort.
D. they are individually monitored.

A

C. rewards are divided equally regardless of individual effort.

36
Q
  1. Social psychologists have accurately predicted that ________ will exhibit less social loafing.

A. women
B. men
C. children
D. the elderly

A

A. women

37
Q
  1. Groups tend to loaf less when:

A. the members of the group are friends.
B. they belong to individualistic cultures.
C. the task is easy.
D. the rewards are divided equally regardless of the effort.

A

A. the members of the group are friends.

38
Q
  1. In the context of deindividuation, which of the following is true of people’s behavior when in groups compared to their behavior when alone?

A. People tend to limit their sense of excitement when in a group than they would when alone.
B. People feel more responsible and accountable when in a group than they would when alone.
C. People are more likely to focus on individual identity when in a group than they would when alone.
D. People are more likely to abandon normal restraints when in a group than they would when alone.

A

D. People are more likely to abandon normal restraints when in a group than they would when alone.

39
Q
  1. When people experience a loss of self-awareness as well as evaluation apprehension, they are in a state of:

A. self-realization.
B. reactance.
C. deindividuation.
D. groupthink.

A

C. deindividuation.

40
Q
  1. In which of the following situations will deindividuation most likely occur?

A. when the group size is large
B. when individuals in a group are completely self-aware of their activities
C. when individuals lose their sense of anonymity
D. when there is an absence of distracting activities

A

A. when the group size is large

41
Q
  1. Watson (1973) found that cultures with depersonalized warriors were:

A. more likely to be forgiving.
B. less likely to be victorious.
C. less likely to commit vandalism.
D. more likely to brutalize their victims.

A

D. more likely to brutalize their victims.

42
Q
  1. Nathan, a young adult, posts some hate messages about a particular community using a fake profile he created on a social networking website. Police find it difficult to trace him immediately as his declared information is wrong. Which of the following factors would have most likely encouraged Nathan’s act?

A. group size
B. anonymity
C. arousing activities
D. social role

A

B. anonymity

43
Q
  1. Whenever your friend Ted surfs online, he writes terribly harsh letters to strangers using a bogus email address. Ted’s behavior can likely be attributed to the role of ________ in deindividuation.

A. group size
B. anonymity
C. arousing activities
D. self-esteem

A

B. anonymity

44
Q
  1. Based on research cited in the text, who is most likely to honk aggressively at someone stopped at a green light?

A. the driver of a moped
B. the driver of a convertible with the top down
C. the driver of a convertible with the top up
D. the driver of a motorcycle

A

C. the driver of a convertible with the top up

45
Q
  1. On Halloween night, Diener and her colleagues (1976) conducted a study of trick-or-treat theft at homes scattered throughout the Seattle area. Given a chance to steal candy, the children who were ________ were most likely to commit transgressions.

A. anonymous and alone
B. anonymous and in a group
C. frustrated and alone
D. frustrated and in a group

A

B. anonymous and in a group

46
Q
  1. Which of the following factors contributes to deindividuation?

A. group size
B. rationalization
C. self-censorship
D. individual values

A

A. group size

47
Q
  1. Using a disguised name, Ben sends threat emails and bullies his school friends on various online forums. This is an example of deindividuation that is primarily based on ________.

A. group size
B. physical anonymity
C. distracting activities
D. self-handicapping

A

B. physical anonymity

48
Q
  1. From their analysis of 60 deindividuation studies, Postmes and Spears (1998) concluded that being anonymous makes an individual ________ than when he or she is alone.

A. more responsive to situational cues
B. more self-conscious
C. less group-conscious
D. less risk-taking in ambiguous situations

A

A. more responsive to situational cues

49
Q
  1. One effect of deindividuation is:

A. diminished self-restraint.
B. increased self-awareness.
C. social facilitation.
D. a risky shift.

A

A. diminished self-restraint.

50
Q
  1. A looting mob is a good example of:

A. social loafing.
B. minority influence.
C. deindividuation.
D. social ostracism.

A

C. deindividuation.

Final Exam (7 decks)

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