Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

geo > chapter 8: geologic hazards > Flashcards

chapter 8: geologic hazards Flashcards

1
Q

What are the factors affecting slope failures? ____

A

topography, geology, weather, seismic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

______ in terms of inclination and height of the hill/cliff.

A

topography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_____ in terms of the material structure and strength of rocks and mineral formation.

A

geology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

______ in terms of the seepage forces and run-off quantity and velocity of water during rainy days.

A

weather

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

______ as it affects inertial and seepage forces and due to the crustal movements of the earth

A

seismic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the seven methods of controlling slides? _____

A
  1. change the slope geometry to decrease the driving forces or increase the resisting forces by removal of very large volume of loose materials or debris along the top and side of slopes
  2. control surface water infiltration to reduce seepage forces
  3. planting the slope with thick, fast growing native vegetation and should be applied with burlaps bags and sprayed with mulch to increase growth
  4. sealing cracks and fissures with asphalt or soil cement and combines with grading to fill the cracks with soil
  5. providing retention structures to increase the resisting forces by constructing surface drains or drainage galleries, retaining walls and cribs, tie bars and shotcreting/guniting the rock slopes
  6. benching and placing materials at the toe to form a counterbermig forces, increase the driving forces
  7. driving sufficiently strong piles at an earth slope to a sufficient depth in a reliable stratum or strong rock founds
    ation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

These hazards are less disastrous than any other hazards in terms of lives lost but the total property damage exceeds than the others.

A

ground subsidence, settle/collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

______ is defined as a downward movement of the natural ground surface to which no structures have been built.

A

subsidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_____ is defined as a downward movement of the ground surface with the structure as caused by its dead life load and other forces.

A

settlement or collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the four causes of ground subsidence? _____

A
  1. extraction of fluids or solids, solution of rocks or a cementing agent in soils
  2. erosion
  3. physicochemical changes such change in environment condition as a result of human activities
  4. earthquakes or tectonic movements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the four sources of earthquakes? _____

A
  1. tectonic
  2. volcanic
  3. minor earth shaking attributed by the collapse of mines or caverns, to large slope failures such as avalanches, or to meteorites striking the earth
  4. man-made disturbances like blasting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

______ are caused by a rupture in or near the earths’s crust that is usually associated with a faults, crustal warping pr fracturing in rocks.

A

tectonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_____ are caused by effect of volcanic eruptions.

A

volcanic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the three causes of settlement? _____

A

removal of lateral support, sheared failure, fluctuation of the water table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_____ if an excavation is made next to a structure, the structure tend to move downward at a point due to the lateral yield of the slope.

A

removal of lateral support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

______ causes the tipping of the structure and happens where the structure are constructed in saturated fine sand mass permitting the flow laterally it flows along together with the structure it supports.

A

sheared failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

_____ as the water table drop, either naturally or by pumping, the buoyancy in the dewatered region vanishes and the apparent weight of the earth mass & the structure increases.

A

fluctuation of the water table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

____ is the center or source of the shock.

A

focus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

____ is the place on the earth’s crust where the earthquake originates.

A

focus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

____ the point on line on the surface directly above the focus.

A

epicenter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

______ the projection of the focus on the ground surface or a limited area of the ground surface.

A

epicenter

22
Q

Most earthquakes occur from 5 to 15 miles below the surface. However the foci of some earthquakes have been located at ____ miles down.

A

42

23
Q

What are the two measurements of an earthquake? _____

A

intensity, magnitude

24
Q

_____ is a qualitative value based on the response of people and objectives on the earth’s surface.

A

intensity

25
Q

_____ is a quantitative value computed from the seismograph.

A

magnitude

26
Q

_____ is the study of earthquakes.

A

seismology

27
Q

_____ is one who applies the methods or principles pf seismology as in earthquake prediction or seismic exploration.

A

seismologist

28
Q

_____ is an instrument used to measure seismic waves.

A

seismograph

29
Q

What are the eight major effects of earthquakes? ____

A
  1. collapse of man-mae structure especially those that can not withstand its magnitude
  2. disruption of utilities such as light and water
  3. fires caused by short circuits
  4. landslides and avalanches
  5. ground subsidence and settlement
  6. slope failures
  7. tsunamis
  8. floods
30
Q

What are the four prevention of heave? ____

A
  1. excavation of the upper portion pf the swelling clays, mixing it with lime
  2. injection of lime
  3. coating with bitumen or a comparable air tight substance
  4. preflooding to permit expansion, then designing to contend with settlements of the softened material and attempting to maintain a balance between swell and consolidation
31
Q

What are the five ways of flood control? _____

A
  1. floodplain zoning
  2. construction in high elevation
  3. diking to contain water
  4. channel straightening and lining
  5. flood-control dams
32
Q

______ affords the best protection against flooding from the aspect of community development, since construction can be prohibited.

A

floodplain zoning

33
Q

_____ as a necessary solution for many rapidly growing cities which are greatly affected by natural and development changes.

A

diking to contain water

34
Q

_____ is a solution often applied to small rivers and streams to increase the flow of velocity and reduce the flood hazard and bank erosion.

A

channel straightening and lining

35
Q

______ constructed upstream serve as storage reservoirs and are the most effective construction solution to flood protection.

A

flood-control dams

36
Q

What are the four causes of slope failures/slides? _____

A
  1. the gravity of the weight of the slope materials which have saturated by water
  2. the increase in gravity and decrease in shearing strength acting together of the soil and rocks present along the slopes
  3. the removal of the lateral support particularly the removal of the toe of the slope
  4. ground movements caused by volcanic and tectonic movements like earthquake
37
Q

What are the two slide-producing agents? ____

A

gravity, surface water

38
Q

What are the classifications of slope failures? ____

A

creep, flow, falls, slides, avalanche and landslides

39
Q

_____ are characterized by a sudden dislodgment of single or multiple blocks of soil or rock which fall in free descent.

A

falls

40
Q

It is caused by the undercutting of slopes due to stream or wave erosion, usually assisted by seepage forces.

A

falls

41
Q

_____ are characterized by a slow to rapid movements of soil and rocks along some well-defined planar failure surface.

A

slides

42
Q

In ____ it is necessary to consider the character of the rock and its structure. Some rocks are hard and expensive to blast; others are soft or highly fractured that they may not stand up well on steep faces.

A

road cuts on a hill side

43
Q

The _____ should be carefully considered in order to insure stability and constant slides.

A

slope of the sides of the road cut

44
Q

_____ can usually be left standing with a steep face.

A

firm rock

45
Q

_____ must be given their angle of repose.

A

unconsolidated materials

46
Q

______, occurring during or after heavy rainfall and snow melt, cause ruin off to exceed the carrying capacity of the normal river channel which consequently overflows its banks and floods the adjacent valley.

A

natural floods

47
Q

_____ of several kinds increase the incidence of flooding.

A

human activities

48
Q

_____ involving the filling decreases the natural storage capacity, consequently increasing the extent of the floodplain.

A

construction in the river floofplain

49
Q

______ represent substantial danger to humans and their works which may exist as a consequences of natural events, but often they are the result of human activities.

A

geologic hazards

50
Q

What are the four types of geologic hazards? ____

A

floods, slope failures, ground subsidence, earthquakes

geo (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions