Chapter 8 - Extinction & Stimulus Control Flashcards
Anticipatory Contrast?
The process whereby the rate of response varies inversely with an upcoming (“anticipated”) change in the rate of reinforcement.
Your behavior changes because you expect the rewards to change soon.
Behavioral Contrast?
A change in the rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produced an opposite change in the rate of response on another component.
When the reward for one action changes, it can cause an opposite change in behavior in another situation.
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)?
Reinforcement of any behavior ither than a target behavior that is being extinguished.
You get rewarded for doing anything except the behavior you’re trying to stop.
Example: If a child is being punished for yelling, they are rewarded every time they are quiet, but not for any yelling behavior.
Discrimination Training?
As applied to operant conditioning, the differential reinforcement of responding in the presence of one stimulus (the SD) and not another.
You learn to behave in one way when a certain signal (SD) is present, and in another way when it’s not.
Example: A dog learns to sit when the owner says “sit” (SD) but doesn’t sit when the owner says “stay” (not SD).
Errorless Discrimination Training?
A discrimination training procedure that minimizes the number of errors and reduces many of the adverse effects associated with discrimination training.
You teach discrimination with fewer mistakes, so learning is easier and less stressful.
Extinction?
The nonreinforcement of a previously reinforced response, the result of which is a decrease in the future strength of that response.
You stop rewarding a behavior, and as a result, that behavior stops happening.
Example: A dog stops begging for treats when you stop giving them treats for begging.
Extinction Burst?
A temporary increase in the frequency and intensity of responding when extinction is first implemented.
When you first stop rewarding a behavior, it might get worse before it stops.
Example: A child might initially scream louder or more often when you stop giving them candy for whining, but eventually, they stop whining altogether.
Fading?
The process of gradually altering the intensity of a stimulus.
Example: If you’re teaching a child to speak more clearly, you slowly decrease how much you help them by guiding their speech, encouraging them to speak on their own.
Generalized Gradient?
A measure of the strength of responding in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the SD and vary along a continuum.
How strongly a behavior happens in response to stimuli similar to the original signal.
Multiple Schedule?
A complex schedule consisting of two or more independent schedules presented in sequence, each resulting in reinforcement and each having a distinctive SD.
A schedule with different rules for different steps, each with its own signal and reward.
Negative Contrast Effect?
An increase in the rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produces a decrease in the rate of response on the other component.
When you get more rewards in one part of a schedule, the behavior in the other part decreases.
Partial Reinforcement Effect?
The process whereby behavior that has been maintained an intermittent (partial) schedule of reinforcement extinguishes more slowly than behavior that has been maintained of a continuous schedule.
Behaviors that get rewards sometimes take longer to stop when the rewards stop compared to behaviors that always get rewards.
Peak Shift Effect?
Following discrimination training, the peak of generalization gradient will shift from the SD to a stimulus that is further removed from the S triangle symbol.
After learning discrimination, responses shift away from the original signal to one that’s a little different
Positive Contrast Effect?
A decrease in rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produces an increase in the rate of response on the other component.
When the reward decreases in one part of a schedule, the behavior in the other part increases.
Resistance to Extinction?
The extent to which responding persists after an extinction procedure has been implemented.
How long a behavior continues after rewards stop.
