Chapter 8 - Evidence of Evolution

Question 1

Evolution, define.

Answer 1

Changes that occur in a population accumulate over generations because they are inheritable and transform a population’s gene pool

Question 2

What is considered as evolution?

Answer 2

changes in populations that are considered evolutionary are those that are inheritable via the genetic material that is passed from one generation to the next

Question 3

How does a new species arise?

Answer 3

If there are enough changes in a populations gene pool

Question 4

Arrange Eons, epoch, era and period from largest to smallest.

Answer 4

Eons, Eras, Periods and Epochs

Question 5

What are the evidences of evolution?

Answer 5

Phylogenetic trees, Biogeography, Comparative Genomics, Fossil record, Comparative Embryology, Comparative Anatomy

Question 6

What is biogeography?

Answer 6

Study of the distribution of organism and ecosystems across the world and through geological time.

By looking at the pattern of these distributions today, and that of the fossils, we can reconstruct evolutionary history.

Question 7

What is comparative genomics?

Answer 7

A field of biological research in which researchers use a variety OF tools to the complete genome sequences of different species / Comparing the sequence of bases in different organism.

Question 8

What is a taxon

Answer 8

a group of organism, e.g reptiles

Question 9

What is fossil record?

Answer 9

A collection of fossils documenting the history of life on Earth.
Fossils are the remains of traces of past organisms or impressions of rocks where tissue has decayed. Fossilised eggs, burrows, faeces and footprints

Question 10

What is comparative embryology?

Answer 10

Embryology is the study of the anatomy of embryos and how they develop overtime.
Comparative embryology establishes evolutionary relationships based on the similarities and differences in the anatomy and development between species.

The longer the embryos remain structurally similar are more closely related

Question 11

What is comparative anatomy?

Answer 11

It shows how seemingly different organisms can actually share many fundamental similarities, suggests thats these similarities are derived from a common ancestor.

Question 12

What is a homologous structures?

Answer 12

Homologous structures are those derived from a common ancestor

Question 13

What are vestigial homologous structures?

Answer 13

Homologous structures can cease to have any functional use. E.g. whale pelvic bone in a exhale suggests it evolved from a terrestrial mammal where the pelvic bone was functional