Chapter 8: Erikson: Post-Freudian Theory

Question 1

Erikson’s theory of personality that extended Freud’s developmental stages into old age. At each age, a specific psychosocial struggle contributes to the formation of personality.

Answer 1

Post-Freudian Theory

Question 2

Erikson’s term for a crucial period or turning point in the life cycle that may result in either more or less ego strength. Can be found in those Eriksonian stages that follow the development of identity, ordinarily during adolescence.

Answer 2

Identity Crisis

Question 3

the illusion held by a particular society that it is somehow chosen to be more important than other societies.

Answer 3

Pseudospecies (Erikson)

Question 4

Erikson’s term meaning that one component grows out of another in its proper time and sequence.

Answer 4

Epigenetic Principle

Question 5

Erikson’s term for the positive element in each pair of opposites that characterize his eight stages of development.

Answer 5

Syntonic

Question 6

Erikson’s term for the negative element in each pair of opposites that characterizes the eight states of development.

Answer 6

Dystonic

Question 7

the ego quality that emerges from the conflict between antithetical elements in Erikson’s stages of development.

Answer 7

Basic Strength

Question 8

a psychosocial disorder at any of the eight stages of development that results from too little basic strength.

Answer 8

Core Pathology (Erikson)

Question 9

the first stage of psychosocial development – one marked by the oral-sensory mode and by the crisis of basic trust versus basic mistrust.

Answer 9

Infancy (Erikson)

Question 10

Erikson’s term for the infant’s first psychosexual mode of adapting.

Answer 10

Oral-Sensory

Question 11

the second stage of psychosocial development, characterized by the anal-urethral-muscular psychosexual mode and by the crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt.

Answer 11

Early Childhood (Erikson)

Question 12

Erikson’s term for the young child’s psychosexual mode of adapting.

Answer 12

Anal-Urethral-Muscular

Question 13

the third stage of psychosocial development, encompassing the time from about ages 3 to 5 and characterized by the genital-locomotor psychosexual mode and the crisis of initiative versus guilt.

Answer 13

Play Age (Erikson)

Question 14

Erikson’s term for the preschool child’s psychosexual mode of adapting.

Answer 14

Genital-Locomotor

Question 15

the fourth stage of psychosocial development; covers the period from about ages 6 to 12 or 13 and is characterized by psychosexual latency and the psychosocial crisis of industry versus inferiority.

Answer 15

School Age (Erikson)

Question 16

the psychosexual mode of the school-age child. A period of little sexual development.

Answer 16

Latency (Erikson)

Question 17

an important psychosocial stage when ego identity should be formed. Characterized by puberty and the crisis of identity versus identity confusion.

Answer 17

Adolescence (Erikson)

Question 18

the inability to synthesize different self-images and values into a workable identity.

Answer 18

Role Repudiation (Erikson)

Question 19

the stage from about ages 18 to 30 during which a person gains mature genitality and experiences the crisis of intimacy versus isolation.

Answer 19

Young Adulthood (Erikson)

Question 20

period of life beginning with puberty and continuing through adulthood and marked by full sexual identity.

Answer 20

Genitality (Erikson)

Question 21

the ability to fuse one’s identity with that of another person without fear of losing it. The syntonic element of young adulthood.

Answer 21

Intimacy (Erikson)

Question 22

the inability to share true intimacy or to take chances with one’s identity. The dystonic element of young adulthood.

Answer 22

Isolation (Erikson)

Question 23

the core pathology of young adulthood marked by a person’s exclusion of certain people, activities, and ideas.

Answer 23

Exclusivity (Erikson)

Question 24

the stage from about ages 31 to 60 that is characterized by the psychosexual mode of procreativity and the crisis of generativity versus stagnation.

Answer 24

Adulthood (Erikson)

Question 25

the drive to have children and to care for them.

Answer 25

Procreativity (Erikson)

Question 26

the eighth and final stage of the life cycle, marked by the psychosexual crisis of integrity versus despair and the basic strength of wisdom.

Answer 26

Old Age (Erikson)

Question 27

a field of study that combines psychoanalytic concepts with historical methods.

Answer 27

Psychohistory