Chapter 8: Environmental & Nutritional Pathology Flashcards
A 65-year-old woman with a history of smoking presents
with a 3-week history of chest pain and bloody sputum. An
X-ray film of the chest reveals a hilar lung mass. The surgical
specimen reveals a squamous cell carcinoma growing within
the lumen of a bronchus (shown in the image). Which of
the following chemical agents may be associated with the
pathogenesis of the cancer in this patient?
- Aromatic hydrocarbons.
A 75-year-old man who had worked in a shipyard for 25 years
dies of a thoracic tumor. Autopsy reveals a pleural tumor that
encases the lung. Interstitial pulmonary fi brosis and multiple
pleural plaques are noted. Numerous, brown, beaded ferruginous
bodies are also found in the lungs (shown in the image).
Which of the following agents is most likely associated with
the pathogenesis of the cancer in this patient?
- Asbestos
A 47-year-old man presents with a 6-week history of increasing
fatigue and dark-colored stools. Complete blood count
shows hemoglobin of 8.6 g/dL and microcytic, hypochromic
RBCs. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy reveals a peptic
ulcer along the lesser curvature of the stomach. This patient’s
anemia is most likely caused by defi ciency of which of the
following?
- Iron
A 49-year-old woman presents with a 2-month history of
yellow discoloration of her eyes, abdominal pain, weight loss,
and low-grade fever (38.4°C, 101°F). Physical examination
shows a distended abdomen, right upper quadrant tenderness,
and a palpable liver 2 cm below the costal margin. A liver
biopsy reveals alcoholic hepatitis. The patient recovers and
is strongly advised to abstain from alcohol. However, she
subsequently imbibes some antifreeze containing ethylene
glycol and develops acute failure of which organ?
- kidney
A neonate was noted to have mild growth retardation and
facial dysmorphology. The mother was a known abuser of
several substances. This infant’s problem most likely resulted
from maternal intake of which of the following?
- Alcohol
A 10-year-old boy presents with irritability and ataxia. He
is subsequently found to have anemia, basophilic stippling
of erythrocytes, and dark-gray pigmentation of the gums.
Exposure to which of the following chemical agents is most
likely associated with this disease?
- Lead
A 50-year-old man presents for a routine physical examination,
which demonstrates an enlarged liver. During the visit,
he describes memos from his supervisor at work regarding
chronic exposure to vinyl chloride. The patient has an elevated
risk for which of the following tumors?
- Angiosarcoma of the liver.
A severely depressed 32-year-old man commits suicide
by running his car motor in his closed garage for several
hours. The mechanism of death in this case of carbon
monoxide (CO) poisoning is through which of the following
mechanisms?
- Displacement of oxygen on hemoglobin by CO.
A Japanese fi sherman who lives in the vicinity of a plastics
factory develops severe neurologic symptoms, including
constriction of visual fi elds, paresthesias, ataxia, dysarthria,
and hearing loss. Public health authorities fi nd a number of
similar cases in the local village. Exposure to which of the
following chemical agents is most likely associated with the
pathogenesis of this man’s neurologic disease
- Mercury
A 12-year-old boy is rescued 2 days after becoming lost
in the Canadian woods in February. Physical examination
shows he has gangrene of his fi ngers and toes. Which of the
following mechanisms of cell injury played the most important
role in mediating necrosis in the fi ngers and toes of this
patient?
- Membrane disruption by water crystals.
A 35-year-old man is hospitalized with third-degree burns
after being rescued from a house fi re. Initially, he suffers from
shock and oliguria, but his renal function returns to normal
within a few days. Which of the following would be the most
likely cause of death if complications were to arise?
- Sepsis
A healthy adult runs a marathon in the summer and develops
hot dry skin, cessation of sweating, lactic acidosis, hypocalcemia,
and muscle necrosis (rhabdomyolysis). Which of the
following is the appropriate diagnosis?
- Heat Stroke
A 26-year-old electrician is found unconscious in his backyard
beside a metal ladder and an exposed electrical wire, suffering
from a deep burn on his right hand. Resuscitation attempts
are unsuccessful. Which of the following was the most likely
cause of death?
- Cardiac arrhythmia.
A sailor on a nuclear-powered submarine is seen by a physician
after a breach in the reactor containment system. Physical
examination is unremarkable, but the patient subsequently
develops profound pancytopenia. Hemoglobin is 7.8 g/dL,
WBC count is 900/μL, and platelets are 20,000/μL. How
many rads of acute total-body radiation did this patient most
likely receive?
- 300
Another sailor on the submarine (see Question 14) dies
10 days after the accident as a result of severe diarrhea and
dehydration. Which of the following doses (in rads) of acute
total-body radiation did this sailor most likely receive?
- 1000