Chapter 8 Endocrinology

Question 1

4 Glial cells of CNS

Answer 1

Ependymal
Astrocytes
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes

Question 2

2 Glial cells of PNS

Answer 2

Schawnn cell

Satellite cell

Question 3

What cell helps in the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 3

astrocytes CNS

Question 4

2 structures of CNS

Answer 4

brain

spinal cord

Question 5

2 Structures of PNS

Answer 5

Cranial nerves - originate from the brain

Spinal nerves - originate from spinal cord

Question 6

If you touch something and you fell its hot, the signal is efferent or afferent?

Answer 6

Afferent

Question 7

If you are stressed out before an exam, what pathway is involved?

Answer 7

Sympathetic division of the ANS from the efferent neurons.

Your heart may beat faster, sweat…

Question 8

I carry feedback information to somatic integration centers in the CNS from the PNS.

Answer 8

Somatic sensory division

Question 9

Para or Sympa

Secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine by the adrenal glands

Answer 9

Sympa

Question 10

Para or Sympa

Respiratory system: decrease diameter of airways

Answer 10

Para

Question 11

Para or Sympa

Eye: constriction of pupil

Answer 11

Para

Question 12

Para or Sympa

Urinary system: increase urine production

Answer 12

Para

Question 13

I am an excitable cell that conduct impulses (functional cells)

Answer 13

Neuron

Question 14

In the neuron, I receive signal.

Answer 14

dendrite

Question 15

In the neuron, I carry outgoing information.

Answer 15

axon

Question 16

I am an insulin independent cell.

Answer 16

neuron in the brain.

Question 17

True of false:

Neurons are permeable to Sodium and potassium ?

Answer 17

true,

they need transporters

Question 18

In pharmacology, we use the help of a specific arrangement of fat molecules to carry the drug…

Answer 18

Liposome

Question 19

How do you call an action potential that jumps between node of ranvier?

Answer 19

A saltatory conduction

Question 20

How does an electrical synapse pass the signal?

Answer 20

directly from the cytoplasm of one cell to another through the pores of gap junction protein.
Information can flow in both directions through most gap jct, but in some current can flow in only one direction.

Question 21

Where do electrical signal mainly occur?

Answer 21

In neurons of the CNS

They are also found in glial cells, in cardiac and smooth muscle, and in nonexcitable cells that use electrical signals such as the pancreatic beta cell.

Question 22

Chemical synapses

How does in carry info?

Answer 22

With the help of neurocrine molecules

Synapses

Question 23

Neuro.. and neuro…

act as paracrine signals and autocrine signals.

Answer 23

Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators

P.254

Question 24

A neuron may terminate on one of three structure

Answer 24

muscle
gland
neuron

slide 70

Question 25

I am a tiny bulge at the end of a terminal branch of a presynaptic neuron>s axon that contains vesicles housing neurotransmitters.

Answer 25

synaptic knob

Question 26

Neurocrine receptors can be divided into 2 categories

Answer 26

Receptor-channels | GPCR

Question 27

FAST OR SLOW GPCR Receptor-channels

Answer 27

GPCR : slow | Receptor-channels : fast

Question 28

Can GPCR regulate the openning of a channel?

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

All neurotransmitters bind to

Answer 29

Specific receptor types | except NO

Question 30

3 arrangement of synapses | +draw them

Answer 30

Axodendritic Axosomatic Axoaxonic

Question 31

What happens when there is a depolarization of the presynaptic neuron ? (one step)

Answer 31

It opens the volatage-gated Ca2+ channels.

Question 32

2 characteristics of Na-K pump.

Answer 32

Active (needs ATP) | Antiport - sodium goes out of cell, K pumped in the cell

Question 33

PNS secretes 3 major neurocrine molecules

Answer 33

Neurotransmitters acetylcholine norepinephrine

Question 34

CNS secretes 3 chemicals signals

Answer 34

polypeptides: hypothalamic releasing hormones oxytocin vasopressine

Question 35

Acetylcholine is synthesized from 2 mokecules

Answer 35

Choline | acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)

Question 36

What is recycled (neurotransmitter Acetlycholine)

Answer 36

Choline

Question 37

The action potential. | What happens after the rapid Na+ entry depolarizes the cell?

Answer 37

Na+ channels close and slower K+ channels open