Chapter 8 Emotion and Motivation

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

Positive or Negative experience associated with a particular pattern of a living thing

Question 2

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

Answer 2

A stimulus triggers activity in the body, which turns an emotional experience in the mind

Question 3

Two Dimensions of Arousal and Valence

Answer 3

How angry= high arousal and negative valence

Question 4

Amygdala

Answer 4

Plays a role in emotion and a threat detector
Found in the limbic system
Fast Reaction

Question 5

Facial Expressions are…

Answer 5

Universal!

Question 6

Display Rule

Answer 6

Norm for the appropriate expressin of emotion

Question 7

Exaggerating the expression of one’s emotion is called…

Answer 7

Intensification

Question 8

Deintensification

Answer 8

Muting the expression of one’s emotion such as a loser of a competition tries to look a bit dissapointed rather than fully devastated

Question 9

Masking

Answer 9

Expressing one emotion while hiding the other

Question 10

Neutralizing

Answer 10

Showing no expression of the emotion one is feeling

Question 11

Drives

Answer 11

An urgent basic need pressing for satisfaction (needing to eat because you are starving)

Question 12

Homeostasis

Answer 12

Tendency for a system to take action to keep itself in a particular state

Question 13

Drive-Reduction Theory

Answer 13

A theory suggesting that organisms are motivated to reduce their drives
ex: the drive to drink water to reduce the body’s imbalance with water)

Question 14

Abraham Maslow-(1908-1970)

Answer 14

Stated that people are motivated to fulfill a hierarchy of needs
Some needs are more pressing than others (need to eat)
Maslow built a hierarchy of needs

Question 15

Hierarchy of needs in order

Answer 15

1) need for self actualization
2) esteem needs
3) belongingness and love needs
4) safety and security needs
5) physiological needs

Question 16

Orexigenic

Answer 16

Switches on the experience of hunger

Question 17

Hunger Hormone

Answer 17

Ghrelin in stomach

Question 18

Lateral Hypothalamus

Answer 18

Feeding center that turns on feeding behaviour

Question 19

Anorexigenic

Answer 19

Switches off the experience of hunger

Question 20

Motivation

Answer 20

Physiological cause of an action

Question 21

Eating Disorder (BED)

Answer 21

Characterized by recurrent and uncontrolled episodes of eating a large number of calories in short time

Question 22

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 22

Eating disorder characterized by binge eating, followed by throwing up

Question 23

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 23

Eating disorder characterized by intense fear of being fat, resulting in severe restriction of food intake

Question 24

Obesity (BMI of over 30>)

Answer 24

Causes include eating when we are not hungry, and biochemical abnormalities

Question 25

Dieting does what to metabolism?

Answer 25

Decreases metabolism

Question 26

Metabolism

Answer 26

The rate at which energy is used by the body

Question 27

Obesity Causes

Answer 27

Highly heritable, genetic compound, simply eating too much when we are nervous or anxious

Question 28

The Hormone DHEA is....

Answer 28

involved in the intial onset of sexual desire

Question 29

Human Sexual Response cycle

Answer 29

Stages of physiological arousal during sexual activity, this has 4 phases

Question 30

Phases of Human Sexual Response Cycle

Answer 30

1) excitement phase 2) plateau phase 3) orgasm phase 4) resolution phase

Question 31

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 31

Motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding (listening to music)

Question 32

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 32

Motivation to take actions that lead to reward (we work hard for money)

Question 33

Motivations of which people are aware

Answer 33

Concious Motivations

Question 34

Unconcious Motivations

Answer 34

Motivations of which people are not aware

Question 35

Need for achievement

Answer 35

Motivation to solve worthwhile problems

Question 36

Approach Motivation

Answer 36

The motivation to experience a positive outcome

Question 37

Avoidance Motivation

Answer 37

The motivation not to experience a negative outcome

Question 38

Loss Adversion

Answer 38

The tendency to care more about avoiding losses than about achieving equal size goals

Question 39

Terror Management Theory

Answer 39

Theory that people cope with their existential terror by developing a cultural worldview