Chapter 8 Deviance

Question 1

what is Criminology?

Answer 1

Is the study of crime and the criminal justice system.

Example: police, courts, and prison

Question 2

who said that Deviance is a natural and inevitable part of all societies?

Answer 2

Emile Durkheim: a French Sociologist

Question 3

What are universal functions of deviance in society?

Answer 3

To balance out society and to promote society changes.

Question 4

Define strain theory?

Answer 4

developed by Robert K. Merton, argued that society may be set up in a way that encourages too much deviance.
Robert Merton: believed there was a disjunction between socially approved means to success and legitimate cultural goals.

Question 5

Define labeling theory?

Answer 5

An approach to the study of deviance that suggests that people become “deviant” because certain labels are attached to their behavior by political authorities and others. Said by Howard Becker: acts are deviant or criminal because they have been labeled as such.

Question 6

Define conflict theory?

Answer 6

Argument that deviance is deliberately chosen and often political in nature.

Question 7

Define social bond theory ?

Answer 7

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Question 8

According to Robert Merton, in what ways do people adapt to cultural goals?

Answer 8

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Question 9

According to Richard Clower & Lloyd Ohlin, when does deviance occur?

Answer 9

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Question 10

Differential association is part of which perspective?

Answer 10

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Question 11

What is the post-modernist perspective of deviance?

Answer 11

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Question 12

Are deviant behavior and conventional behavior learned through the same process?

Answer 12

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Question 13

According to the notes, what are examples of social bonds?

Answer 13

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Question 14

Kingsley Davis & Wilbert E. Moore provided explanations for the benefits of stratification in society because they believed that each person filled certain roles for society to function smoothly.

Answer 14

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Question 15

According to Max Weber, what is a state?

Answer 15

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Question 16

What requires people to form an organization or band together in a society?

Answer 16

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Question 17

Who can the police concept of checks and balance trace back to?

Answer 17

Can be trace back to Henry 1 who established a 12 person jury and dismissed the trial by ordeal to sustain, promote and preserve justice.

Question 18

According to Jean Germain Gross, where does state power start from and where does it extend to?

Answer 18

State power starts at the center like the capital city and extend out of the periphery like the hinterland

Question 19

The criminal justice system is a collection of bureaucracies.

Answer 19

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Question 20

What did the LEAA report conclude?

Answer 20

Three different things are

1: it highlighted that community participation from the system was missing
2: unhealthy police and community relation
3: there is a social

Question 21

What law/act established the COP office?

Answer 21

The in forces act of 1994

Question 22

What three areas do COP focus on?

Answer 22

1: Problem solving
2: Community building
3: Zero tolerance

Question 23

Define critical approach?

Answer 23

Powerful use of Law and criminal justice their own interests

Question 24

Define feminist approach?

Answer 24

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Question 25

What researcher/scholar talked about primary deviance?

Answer 25

Edwin la

Question 26

What is the main focus of COP strategy?

Answer 26

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Question 27

What are the Notions that led American law enforcement to adopt COP model of policing?

Answer 27

1: Political corruption
2: Stale aura of law enforcement
3: Low public confidence levels in policing
4: Widening disparity between rich & poor
5: Migration – businesses & economic opportunities moving out of areas leaving communities in shambles without proper sustainable community systems
6: Riots & advocacy proclamations
7: Police brutality issues
8: Political entrenchment issues
9: Changing concept of traditional hierarchy & authority in the modern world

Question 28

Functionalist Perspective

Answer 28

Believe that society is held together by social consensus (in which members of society agree upon and work together to achieve what’s best for the society as a whole)