Chapter 8: Covalent Bonding Flashcards
How are the melting points and boiling points of molecular compounds different from those of ionic compounds?
Molecular compounds tend to have relatively lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds
Covalent bond
A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms
Molecule
A neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds
Diatomic molecule
A molecule consisting of two
Molecular compound
Compound composed of molecules
Molecular formula
Chemical formula of a molecular compound
What is the result of electron sharing in covalent bonds?
Atoms attain the electron configurations of noble gases
How is the strength of a covalent bond related to its bond dissociation energy?
A large bond dissociation energy corresponds to a strong covalent bond
What are some exceptions to the octet rule?
Molecules whose total number of valence electrons is an odd number. Also molecules in which an atom has fewer or more than a complete octet of valence electrons.
Polyatomic ion
Tightly bound group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge and behaves as a unit
Bond dissociation energy
The energy required to break the bond between two covalently bonded atoms; this value is usually expressed in kJ per mol of substance
Resonance structure
Structure that occurs when it is possible to draw two or more valid electron dot structures that have the same number of electron pairs for a molecule or ion
How are atomic and molecular orbitals related?
Just as an atomic orbital belongs to a particular atom, a molecular orbital belongs to a molecule as a whole
Bonding orbital
A molecular orbital that can be occupied by two electrons of a covalent bond
Tetrahedral angle
109.5 degrees
