Chapter 8 - Communicating persuasively Flashcards
What drives a person?
Security, recognition, professional growth and connectedness.
What are the elements of an argument?
Evidence, Claim and Reasoning.
What kinds of evidence should you use?
Common sense (deductive reasoning), numerical data, expert testimony and examples (hypotheticals).
When addressing an opposing viewpoint you can…
- argue that the opposing viewpoint is based on illogical reasoning, inaccurate data or incomplete facts. 2. Argue that the opposing argument is valid but less powerful. 3. Argue that the two arguments can be reconciled.
What is Ad Hominem?
Appealing to the arguers character
What is Argument from ignorance?
Claiming that the argument must be right because you can’t disprove it
What is an appeal to pity?
Trying to win your argument by getting the other person to sympathize with you.
What is an argument from authority?
Using a position or title to claim that your argument is correct.
What is post hoc?
Claiming that because something follows something else, it is caused by that something.
Define Circular Reasoning.
An argument that attempts to validate itself.
What is an either or argument?
An argument that tries to reduce all the options down to two absolutes.
What is an Ad Populum argument?
Arguing that something is right because it’s popular.
What is a hasty generalization?
Generalizing a concept based on too small of a sample.
What is an oversimplification?
An oversimplification is ignoring many of the elements of an argument.
What four traits should you display during a persuasive argument?
Cooperativeness, moderation, fair-mindedness and modesty.
