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Biology Honors Grade 10 > Chapter 8 Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

A

First to observe living micro organisms

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2
Q

Cell Theory

A

All living things are made up of cells
cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
New cells are reproduced from old cells

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3
Q

Light Microscope

A

Uses lenses to magnify images of objects by focusing light

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4
Q

Electron microscope

A

Uses magnets to focus electrons and sensors to find electrons to create an image.

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5
Q

Transmission Electron

A

Electrons PASS through them

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6
Q

Scanning electron

A

Electrons BOUNCE off them

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7
Q

Micrograph

A

A photo of an object seen through a microscope

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8
Q

Cell size (human eye)

A

millimeter 1/1000m

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9
Q

Cell size (light microscope)

A

micrometer 1/1000000000m

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10
Q

Cell Size( electron microscope)

A

nanometer 1/1000000000000m

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11
Q

Prokaryote

A

no nucleus Bacteria

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12
Q

Eukaryote

A

plant cell animal cell both membrane and nucleus

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13
Q

The Nucleus

A

Controls most cell proccess and DNA

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14
Q

chromatin

A

loose DNA

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15
Q

Nuclear envolope

A

double membrane around the nucleus

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16
Q

Nuclear Pores

A

passageways for organelles or macromolecules

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17
Q

DNA to RNA

A

Transcription

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18
Q

RNA to Protein

A

Translation

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19
Q

Ribosomes

A

organelles found in all cells that synthesize proteins

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20
Q

ER (endoplasmic reticulum) Rough

A

a part of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) within a cell that is studded with ribosomes, giving it a “rough” appearance, and is primarily responsible for the synthesis and modification of proteins destined for secretion from the cell or to be embedded in the cell membrane

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21
Q

ER (endoplasmic reticulum) Smooth

A

a region of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that lacks ribosomes and is involved in several metabolic processes

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22
Q

ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

A

a network of sacs and tubules that extends throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and is responsible for many important functions, including protein folding and transportation:

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23
Q

Vesicles

A

small sacs that move substances in and out of cells and fluid-filled blisters on the skin

24
Q

Golgi Apperatus

A

a cell organelle that processes proteins and lipids, and packages them into vesicles for transport to various destinations within or outside the cell

25
Q

Contractile Vacuoles

A

an organelle that helps regulate water balance in cells and remove waste

26
Q

Central Vacuoles

A

large, membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells

27
Q

Lysosomes

A

a sac-like organelle in a cell that contains enzymes that break down materials within the cell

28
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

made up of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments

29
Q

Microtubules

A

hollow, tube-shaped structures that are part of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells

30
Q

chloroplasts

A

a type of plastid—a round, oval, or disk-shaped body that is involved in the synthesis and storage of foodstuffs

31
Q

mitochondria

A

membrane-bound cell organelles

32
Q

Cell membranes

A

semipermeable barriers that separate the inside of a cell from the outside environment

33
Q

cell walls

A

rigid or flexible structures that surround certain types of cells

34
Q

lipid bilayer

A

a thin, flat membrane that separates the inside and outside of a cell and is made up of two layers of lipid molecules

35
Q

proteins

A

large, complex molecules that play many important roles in the body

36
Q

charbohydrate chains

A

complex structures that have many biological functions

37
Q

Passive transport

A

transport of molecules in a cell that doesnt use any energy

38
Q

concentration gradient diffusion

A

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

39
Q

diffusion

A

movement of particles from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

40
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

a passive transport process that allows molecules or ions to move across a cell membrane with the help of proteins

41
Q

equillibrium

42
Q

Aquaporin

43
Q

Osmosis

44
Q

Isotonic

45
Q

Hypertonic

46
Q

Active transport

47
Q

Hypotonic

48
Q

protien pumps

49
Q

endocytosis

50
Q

exocytosis

51
Q

phagocytosis

52
Q

homeostasis

53
Q

multicellular organisms

54
Q

red blood cells

55
Q

Mesodermal Cells

Biology Honors Grade 10 (1 decks)

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