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MED TERM > Chapter 8. Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 8. Cardiovascular System Flashcards

0
Q

The pacemaker of the heart is the?

A

SA node

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1
Q

Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?

A

Arteries

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2
Q

Coronary arteries supply blood to the?

A

Myocardium

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3
Q

The sac containing the heart it’s called the?

A

Pericardium

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4
Q

Which structure pumps blood into the aorta?

A

Left Ventricle

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5
Q

Which structure received deoxygenated blood from the vena cava?

A

Right atrium

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6
Q

Which structure contains blood with the highest oxygen concentration?

A

Coronary arteries

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7
Q

In which order do conduction impulses Pass through these structures, causing the heart to contract?

A

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje Fibers

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8
Q

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid

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9
Q

Which circular muscle found in tubular structures regulates the passage of substances?

A

Sphincter

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10
Q

Which vessels emerge from the aorta to supply the heart muscle with blood?

A

Coronary arteries

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11
Q

Which microscopic vessel enables nutrients and oxygen to pass into the surrounding tissues?

A

Capillary

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12
Q

Which serous membrane lines the four chambers of the heart and its valves?

A

Endocardium

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13
Q

What is the contraction phase of the heartbeat that forces blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteries?

A

Systole

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14
Q

What is the flattened structure that forms a portion of the heart valve?

A

Leaflet

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15
Q

The combining form vascul/o means:

A

Vessel (usually blood or lymph)

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16
Q

The CF that means narrowing, stricture is:

A

Sten/o

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17
Q

The CF atri/o means:

A

Atrium

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18
Q

The CF ather/o means:

A

Fatty plague

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19
Q

Phleb/o

A

Vein

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20
Q

Sept/o

A

Septum

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21
Q

Vas/o

A

Vessel; vas deferens; duct

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22
Q

Arteri/o

A

Artery

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23
Q

Lip/o

A

Fat

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24
Q

Embol/o

A

Embolus

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25
Q

-cardia

A

Heart condition

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26
Q

-graphy

A

Process of recording

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27
Q

-gram

A

Record, writing

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28
Q

Extra-

A

Outside

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29
Q

Endo-

A

In, within

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30
Q

A mass of u dissolved matter circulating in blood or lymphatic channels until it becomes lodged in a vessel is called a:

A

Embolus

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31
Q

Oxygen deficiency in surrounding tissues is called:

A

Ischemia

32
Q

Blockage of a vessel is called a:

A

Occlusion

33
Q

Chest pain associated with coronary artery disease is called:

A

Angina pectoris

34
Q

Back flow of blood in the heart is called:

A

Regurgitation

35
Q

The cardiovascular system is composed of the?

A

Heart, blood, vessels

36
Q

What is the center of the thoracic cavity between the lungs, where the heart is located called?

A

Mediastinum

37
Q

The heart pumps blood containing oxygen, nutrients, and other vital products to body cells through a vast network of blood vessels called the?

A

Arteries

38
Q

Blood returns to the heart to blood vessels called?

A

Veins

39
Q

Three major types of blood vessels are the?

A

Arteries, capillaries, veins

40
Q

Pulse-

A

The surge of blood felt in the arteries when blood is pumped for the heart.

41
Q

Arterial walls

A

Strong, flexible. Composed of 3 parts: tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

42
Q

Describe the profuse bleeding when an artery is cut?

A

The profuse bleeding is due to the high pressure associated with the pumping of the heart. (Bright red)

43
Q

The wall that divides the heart into right and left sides known as the?

A

Interventricular Septum

44
Q

Arterial blood (except for blood found in the pulmonary artery) is highly.

A

Oxygenated

45
Q

Arterial blood appears?

A

Red

46
Q

Microscopic vessels, that join the arterial system with the venous system. (Functionally the most important vessels)

A

Capillaries

47
Q

Which vessels return blood to the heart?

A

Veins

48
Q

Veins use other methods of returning blood to the heart including:

A
  1. Skeletal Muscle Contraction, 2. Gravity, 3. Respiratory Activity, 4. Valves
49
Q

The heart is contained in a sac called the? Which is composed of 3 distinct tissue layers.

A

Pericardium

50
Q

List the three (3) layers and include the location of each layer.

A

Epicardium- outer most layer of the heart
Myocardium- muscular inner middle layer of the heart
Endocardium-inner deep layer

51
Q

The heart is a 4 chambered muscular pump. List the UPPER CHAMBER and function.

A

Left and Right Atrium

Function: collect blood

52
Q

Which upper chamber has a higher concentration of oxygen?

A

Let Atrium

53
Q

Which upper chamber has a lower concentration of oxygen?

A

Right Atrium

54
Q

List the LOWER CHAMBERS and function:

A

Right & Left Ventricle

Function: pump blood from the heart

55
Q

Which lower chamber has a higher concentration of oxygen?

A

Left Ventricle

56
Q

Which lower chamber has a lower concentration of oxygen?

A

Right Ventricle

57
Q

List the two largest veins in the human body that return deoxygenated blood to the heart.

A

Superior & Inferior Vena Cava

58
Q

Trace a drop of blood through the heart and into the body. Start with deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the heart.

A

S & I vena cava (no 02), Right atrium, Tricuspid valve, Right Ventricle,Pulmonary Valve,R & L pulmonary arteries (no 02), lungs (pick up 02), 2L & 2R pulmonary veins, Left atrium, Mitral Valve, Left Ventricle, Aortic Valve, Aorta, smaller arteries all over body.

59
Q

The myocardium receives its own blood supply from?

A

Coronary Arteries

60
Q

The heart contains conductive tissue called the? Also where is it located and what is its function:

A

SA Node
Location: Right Atrium
Function: sets basic pace for cardiac rate.

61
Q

Which structure is know as the heart’s PACEMAKER?

A

SA node

62
Q

Where is the location of the AV node?

A

At the base of the right atrium

63
Q

QRS complex

A

Is the depolarization of the atria (contraction)

64
Q

List the proper sequence of structure involvement for contraction impulse.

A

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Perkinje Fibers

65
Q

Define Electrocardiography

A

Process of recording the electrical output of the heart

66
Q

Systole

A

Contraction

67
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation

68
Q

What are some factors that influence blood pressure:

A 
Resistance of blood flow in blood vessels
Pumping action of the heart
Thickness of blood
Elasticity of arteries
Quantity of blood in the vascular system
69
Q

Define Hypertension and give an example

A

Increased blood pressure
140-systole ___________
90- diastole

70
Q

Define hypotension and give example

A

Decreased blood pressure
100-systole
___________
60-diastole

71
Q

What is an atheroma?

A

Fatty plague- composed of cholesterol, lipids, and cellular debris

72
Q

Define ischemia

A

Oxygen deficiency in tissue

73
Q

Define thrombosis

A

Clot

74
Q

Define aneurysm

A

Bulging or dilation of the walls a blood vessel. (Usually an artery)

75
Q

List major risk factors of atherosclerosis

A

Hyperchlosterolemia, age, genetics, smoking, hypertension, diabetes

76
Q

What is the medical term for “a thin mesh tube” placed in the arterial wall after angioplasty.

A

Stent

77
Q

Soft blowing sound (usually associated with blood valvular action) is heard on auscultation is a:

A

Bruit, murmur

MED TERM (2 decks)

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