Chapter 8- Aorta/IVC Flashcards
At what size is the Aorta considered enlarged?
When it is greater than or equal to 3 cm in diameter
What is arteriosclerosis
The vascular system becomes thick and stiff leading to bloodflow restriction and high blood pressure
What is atherosclerosis
A specific form of arteriosclerosis where plaque buildup restricts bloodflow and causes hypertension
what is an aneurysm
a permanent localized
dilation of an artery
What is an AAA
An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a focal area of aneurysm of over 3 cm
What is a true aneurysm? What is the difference between this and a pseudoaneurysm?
A true aneurysm is a bulge involving all 3 layers of the aorta. A pseudoaneurysm is a leak through the wall where the blood is contained in a clot.
95% of true aneurysms are located where?
infrarenal (below the kidneys)
what is thrombus/thrombosis?
a blood clot. There should not be vascularity
what is an emboli?
a clot travels up the bloodstream and gets stuck somewhere.
What is Marfan syndrome? What are some symptoms?
A connective tissue disorder. Patients are tall and lanky with double jointed limbs.
What is an inflammatory AAA?
a variant of an AAA where the aorta is thick and surrounded by fibrosis
What is a Cavernous Transformation of the Portal Vein?
What is a splachnic aneurysm
At what diameter of AAA is surgery considered?
Around 5 cm
What is the patient outcome for an AAA? What if it ruptures?
If treated, there is a positive outcome. Howeverm there is a high mortality rate with ruptured AAA.
What is the DeBakey classification of aortic dissection? Which is the most critical?
Type 1: Whole AO, Type 2: just ascending, Type 3: Just descending. Types 1 and 2 are the most critical becuase they are closer to the brain and heart.
How does the kidney appear with Renal Artery stenosis?
When acute the kidney is much larger and hypoechoic, when chronic it is shrunken and hyperechoic
How does the kidney appear with Renal vein thrombosis?
What happens to blood flow with stenosis
increased velocity. Like a crowd rushing in through a small door
How does ectasia appear on ultrasound
Wavy or kinked appearance
