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Chemistry 300 > Chapter 8 And 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 And 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does VSEPR stand for?

A

Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion

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2
Q

What is the main purpose of the VSEPR model?

A

To predict the 3D structure of molecules by minimizing repulsions

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3
Q

In VSEPR notation, what does ‘A’ represent?

A

The central atom

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4
Q

In VSEPR notation, what does ‘X’ represent?

A

Bonded atoms

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5
Q

In VSEPR notation, what does ‘E’ represent?

A

Lone pairs of electrons

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6
Q

What is the electron group geometry for AX2?

A

Linear

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7
Q

What is the molecular geometry for AX2?

A

Linear

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8
Q

What is the electron group geometry for AX3?

A

Trigonal planar

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9
Q

What is the molecular geometry for AX3?

A

Trigonal planar

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10
Q

What is the molecular geometry for AX2E1?

A

Bent

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11
Q

What is the electron group geometry for AX4?

A

Tetrahedral

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12
Q

What is the molecular geometry for AX4?

A

Tetrahedral

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13
Q

What is the molecular geometry for AX3E1?

A

Trigonal pyramidal

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14
Q

What is the molecular geometry for AX2E2?

A

Bent

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15
Q

What are the two major varieties of covalent bonds?

A

Nonpolar (Pure) Covalent and Polar Covalent

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16
Q

What characterizes a Nonpolar (Pure) Covalent bond?

A

Electronegativity difference Δx < 0.5

17
Q

What characterizes a Polar Covalent bond?

A

Electronegativity difference Δx = 0.5 - 1.4

18
Q

What is the dipole moment?

A

The vector sum of the individual bond dipoles

19
Q

What are London Dispersion Forces?

A

Short-lived attractive forces between nonpolar compounds

20
Q

How do London Dispersion Forces change with mass?

A

They tend to increase with an increase in mass

21
Q

What is polarizability?

A

The ease with which an atom/molecule can change its electron distribution

22
Q

What are Dipole-Dipole interactions?

A

Forces generated when two polar molecules interact based on dipole alignment

23
Q

What defines a Hydrogen Bond?

A

A bond between hydrogen and a very electronegative atom (N, O, or F)

24
Q

What are the major effects of Intermolecular Forces?

A

Melting Points, Boiling Points, Vapor Pressure, Solubility

25
Q

How does IMF strength relate to melting point?

A

Stronger IMFs means higher melting points

26
Q

How does IMF strength relate to boiling point?

A

Stronger IMFs means higher boiling points

27
Q

How does IMF strength relate to vapor pressure?

A

Stronger IMFs means lower vapor pressure

28
Q

What does ‘like-dissolves-like’ refer to?

A

Molecules with similar polarities/IMFs are more likely to be miscible

29
Q

Fill in the blank: Molecules with dissimilar polarities/IMFs are more likely to be _______.

A

insoluble

Chemistry 300 (3 decks)

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